regularly available. B. Its use requires extensive training and practice or the cooperation of a member of my This is a list of research equipment that CMI members have, member-owned facilities,
and CMI facilities. This includes equipment that members are quite willing to have other
members use from time to time, and also equipment that will not be so freely available.
Equipment might not be freely available for many reasons. One could be that a
members own research group uses it all the time. Another reason might be that the
equipment is complex and can only be operated by an expert. There may be other
reasons.

We protect our individual research interests by describing availability using the following
broad categories:

A. Its use can be learned reasonably quickly and some time is regularly available.
B. Its use requires extensive training and practice or the cooperation of a member of my
group in the use.
C. It is heavily used; time on it is precious and scarce.
D. There are other problems with using it.

Schilling Research Group

Argon- or nitrogen-atmosphere glove box from Vacuum Atmospheres Co. Microscope
attachment. Analytic balance and hot plate inside.
EDM machine for spark-cutting 20 - 500 micron dia. holes in the metal-gasket pressure
cells used in the DAC.
High-power power supplies and oscillators to generate large ac or dc magnetic fields.
Hydraulic press (10 tons).
Five tube and box furnaces (to 1200oC and 1700oC), as well as three analytical balances
with 10 and 100 microgram resolution.
Diamond saw, ultrasonic cleaner, thickness measurer to 1000Å, watchmaker's lathe, Au
sputtering unit, hydraulic press (10tons), and other sample preparation equipment.
Two high-power stereo microscopes (Nikon, Olympus) with micromanipulator; one
1500x metallographic microscope (Nikon) with polarizers.
High-vacuum pumping station with turbopump; roots blower to pump on liquid He.
Large chemical vapor hood.
SQUID magnetometer from Quantum Design with high temperature oven. Field range 0 -
5.5tesla, temperature range 1.7 - 800K.
He-gas compressor hydrostatic high-pressure apparatus from Harwood Engineering to
1.4GPa (14,000 atmospheres) pure hydrostatic pressure. In conjunction with a vertical
tube furnace and a high-temperature pressure cell this system can be used for HPHT
synthesis in the lower pressure region. The ac susceptibility, electrical resistivity and Hall
effect can also be measured in this system under pure hydrostatic pressure conditions in
magnetic fields as high as 12tesla. To cool the samples to cryogenic temperatures in low
magnetic fields, either a Janis Supervaritemp cryostat or a Leybold closed-cycle
refrigerator are used (1.5 - 320K). For high fields to 12tesla we have a special high-field
magnetic cryostat.
Two diamond-anvil-cells (DAC) plus accessories for studies of the superconducting and
magnetic properties of matter to very high hydrostatic pressures approaching 100GPa (1,000,000 atmospheres) with dense He as pressure medium. The system includes
pressure clamp, flow cryostat with optical access, optical system for in-situ ruby
fluorescence manometer (Ar-ion and He-Cd lasers, monochromator and optics, optical
choppers), He pumps, high sensitivity ac susceptibility measuring system and computer-
controlled data acquisition system.

Hayes Research Group

300 MHz NMR spectrometer with a 2-channel console and room temperature shims.
This spectrometer operates with a Tecmag Apollo console and is equipped with a variety
of commercial and homebuilt probes. We have a triple resonance MAS probe, several
double resonance MAS probes, and a single-crystal single-channel probe with a
goniometer at the sample space. Availability: B and C.

200 MHz NMR spectrometer with a 2-channel console; this spectrometer operates with a
Tecmag Apollo console. We have a variety of probes, primarily homebuilt for use on
this machine. Notably, we have a liquid helium cryostat with windows for optical access
that permits temperature control from 2.8K 400K. We have built two probes that can
be mounted in the cryostat: one that is single channel and one that is a 2-channel HX
probe. The one commercial probe that we use on the 200 MHz machine is a Bruker static
wideline probe. Availability: primarily C.

10W solid-state 532 nm laser (Millennia X, Spectra Physics). Availability: B and C.

Ti:Sapphire laser (30 GHz linewidth, Spectra Physics 3900S). Availability: B and can
be loaned out if needed.

Ti:Sapphire ring laser (500 kHz linewidth, Coherent 899-21). Availability: primarily C.

Resonant cavity doubler (Spectra Physics, Wavetrain). Availability: primarily C.

Inert atmosphere glovebox (Ar-filled) for handling air-sensitive materials. Availability:
A.

Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Laboratory: Ackerman

Laboratory: The Biomedical MR Laboratory (BMRL) is located in the East Building Imaging
Research Center at the Washington University School of Medicine. The small-animal MRI
facilities include two Varian INOVA 4.7-T (200 MHz) MRI systems and a Varian INOVA 11.74-
T (500 MHz) MRI system, all housed in on-grade adjoining suites. The magnetic field strengths
of these scanners are substantially higher that generally encountered in clinical systems, typically
0.5 3.0-T. Advantages of high field are chiefly related to signal-to-noise ratio gains, which
translate into improved spatial or temporal resolution for imaging and improved accuracy of
resonance amplitude and frequency estimates for spectroscopy.
MRI Scanners: The 12-T MRI scanner employs a 26-cm clear bore diameter horizontal Magnex
magnet. The console is multinuclear and dual channel. High-performance, actively shielded
gradient coil assemblies of 15- and 8-cm inner diameter are driven by Copley high-performance gradient amplifiers (~ 350 V and 200 A) providing ~30 and 120 gauss/cm respectively per axis
with rise times of ~200 s. The two 4.7-T MRI scanners are also multinuclear and dual channel,
employing horizontal Oxford magnets of 40- and 33-cm clear bore diameter. The 33-cm system
utilizes an actively shielded gradient coil assembly of 15-cm inner diameter driven by Techron
model 3020 amplifiers (300 V and 200 A), producing ~18 gauss/cm per axis with a rise time of
~300 s. The 40-cm system utilizes a semi-permanently-mounted, actively shielded gradient coil
assembly of 29-cm inner diameter with a 10-cm high performance gradient coil insert optimized
for mouse and rat imaging. Driven by two Techron model 8300 amplifiers in series per axis (280
V and 160 A), ~60 gauss/cm is achievable with a rise time of ~150 s.
The small animal MRI scanners, including the 12-T, were purchased and have been maintained at
state-of-the-art through NIH shared instrumentation and resource grants (SIG, SAIRP, HEI)
combined with substantial intramural matching funds. For example, the Mallinckrodt Institute of
Radiology provided the $1.5 million necessary to construct the bay for the new 11.74-T MRI
scanner within the BMRL's imaging suite and to cover instrument purchase and installation
expenses in excess of those covered by the NIH High End Instrument grant.
Animal Procedure Support: The small-animal MR imaging suite includes a 200-sq-ft animal
procedure room equipped with operating light and table. Available equipment includes: Harvard
apparatus rodent ventilators, Harvard infusion pumps for intra-cerebroventricular infusions, Kopf
small animal stereotaxic apparatus, Grass polygraph for recording blood pressure or EEG, and
Statham blood pressure transducers. A full suite of MR-compatible (in-magnet) monitoring
equipment is available to follow and assess animal physiology: pulse oximetry (fiber optically
coupled, including pO
2
and heart rate), electrocardiogram (two separate, optically-coupled fiber
systems), electroencephalogram (8-channel, optically-coupled fiber) with option to follow
respiratory motion with a piezoelectric sensor, temperature (three-fiber, optically-coupled
systems), ventilator/respiratory rate monitor with pressure sensing and hardware gating for
precise respiratory gating, and invasive blood pressure monitor (fluid coupled). In addition, small
animal ventilators, anesthesia gas vaporizers, and arterial blood gas analysis equipment is
available.
Monitoring data are collected with National Instruments PCMCIA data acquisition boards using
Dell laptop computers with lab-written LabView or Visual Basic programs. While monitoring
anesthetized animals is useful for establishing animal health, viability, and the state and adequacy
of anesthesia, animal model systems that cause changes in physiological state, such as
experimentally-induced seizures, can be used to trigger MR image acquisition programmatically.
This represents a powerful approach to probing non-cyclic physiologic events.
Though the current fiber optically coupled EEG system works well for identifying seizures, a
continuing collaboration with John Ives of Ives Scientific Solutions is aimed at optimizing the
EEG amplifier to reduce scanner-associated artifacts by recording with high frequency, DC-
coupled amplifiers.
Across the hall from the surgical suite are two dedicated, specially-designed, 150-sq-ft holding
rooms for animals, approved by the Animal Studies Committee of Washington University for
holding animals for up to 14 days. For longer-term animal housin