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Mobile Information Systems Impact Study


TDS-88-07
TP 9360E
Mobile Information Systems
Impact Study
Ministry Research and
of Development
Transport Canada
Transportation Branch Transportation Development Centre
Ontario




Technical Report Documentation Page
Mobile Information Systems
Impact Study
Author(s):
Jouko A. Parviainen, Parviainen & Associates; R.L. French, French & Associates; H. T. Zwahlen, Ohio
University
Number:
TDS-88-07 (MTO)
TP 9360E (TC)
Date of
August 1988
Publication:
Published
by:
Ministry
Contact:
Abstract:
Ontario Ministry of Transportation, Research and Development Branch
Transport Canada, Transportation Development Centre
E.R. Case
(416) 235- 4676
The report presents a review of the state-of-the-art of in-vehicle navigation and mobile communications
techniques and equipment. A features matrix is used to classify the equipment in terms of infrastructure
relationship, navigation technology, system function, etc. Human factors implications are also ad-
The primary functions likely to be provided in future systems (eg., road map display, en-route condi-
tions, vehicle/cargo position tracking) and their specific features are grouped under five application areas:
travel advisory, fleet management, traffic management, mobile office, occupant activities and vehicle
control.
Likely user communities and Canadian hardware/software suppliers are described for a further perspective
on future markets. Summaries of foreign programs are presented. Primary issues for the development of
standards and regulations are discussed and preliminary (stop-gap) man-machine interface standards are rec-
ommended to ensure safe use of the various devices.
The report identifies research, development and demonstration needs, and recommends seven priority pro-
jects to accelerate the design and manufacture of Canadian systems and to identify opportunities for the
increased use of these technologies.
Comments:
This report is part of MTO Research and Development Project 25180.
Key Words:
positioning, navigation, tracking, route guidance, in-vehicle navigation, mobile communications, fleet
management, digitized maps, dead-reckoning, satellite-based navigation
Distribution:
Unlimited
Copyright
Crown copyright (c) 1988
Status:

I
I
I Transport
Canada
PUBLICATION DATA FORM
1. Transport Canada Publication No. 2. Project No.
TP 9360E
6824
4. Title and Subtitle
Mobile Information Systems Impact Study
3. Recipients Catalogue No.
5. Publication Date
August 1988
6. Performing Organization Document No.
7. Author(s)
JouKo A Parvlalnen (Parviainen & Assoclates)
Robert L. French ( French & Associates)
Helmut T. Zwahlen (Ohio University)
9. Performing Organization Name and Address(es)
Jouko A. Parviainen & Associates
1125 Linbrook Road
Oakville, Ontario
Canada L6J 2L3
8. Transport Canada File No.
D1465-494
10. DSS File No.
11SD.T8200-6-6551
11. DSS or Transport Canada Contract No.
11SD.T8200-6-6551/01-SD
12. Sponsoring Agency Name and Address
Ministry of Transportation/Ontario Transportation Develop-
13. Type of Publication and Period Covered
1201 Wilson Avenue ment Centre Final
Downsview, Ontario 200 Rene-Levesque B1vd.W.
14. Project Officer
M3M 1J8
Suite 601, West Tower
Montreal, Quebec H2Z 1X4
Lewis R. Sabounghi
15. Supplementary Notes (FundIng programs, titles of related publications, etc.]
16. Abstract
The report presents a review of the state-of-the-art of in-vehicle navigation and mobile
communications techniques
and
equipment. A features matrix is used to classify the
equipment in terms of infrastructure relationship, navigation technology, system functic
etc. Human factors implications are also addressed.
The primary functions likely to
be
provided in future systems (eg. road map display, en-
route conditions, vehicle/cargo position tracking) and their specific features are
grouped under five application areas: travel advisory, fleet management, traffic manage-
ment, mobile office, occupant activities and vehicle control.
Likely user communities and Canadian hardware/software suppliers are described for a
further perspective on future markets. Summaries of foreign programs are presented.
Primary issues for the development of standards and regulations are discussed and
preliminary (stop-gap) man-machine interface standards are recommended to ensure safe
use of the various devices.
The report identifies research, development
and
demonstration needs, and recommends
seven priority projects to accelerate the design and manufacture of Canadian systems
and to identify opportunities for the increased use of these technologies.
17. Key Words 18. Distribution Statement
positioning, navigation, tracking, route
guidance,in-vehicle navigation, mobile
Limited number of copies available from the
Transportation Development Centre
communications, fleet management, digitized
Copies available from: Ministry of
maps, dead reckoning, satellite based navigation Transportation
19. Security Classification (of this publication) 20. Security Classification (of this page) 21. Declassification 22. No. of 23. Price
(date) Pages
Unclassified Unclassified
298
TDC/CDT
Canada TDS-88-07
TP 9360E
Mobile Information Systems
Impact Study
Jouko A. Parviainen & Associates
Published by
The Research and Development Branch
Ontario Ministry of Transportation
Hon. Ed Fulton, Minister
D.G. Hobbs, Deputy Minister
Published without prejudice as to the application of the findings.
The contents of this report reflect the views of the contractor and
not necessarily the official views or opinions of the sponsoring
agencies. Crown copyright reserved; however, this document may
be reproduced for non-commercial purposes with appropriate
attribution.
For additional copies, contact:
The Editor, Technical Publications
Room 320, Central Building
1201 Wilson Avenue
Downsview, Ontario
Canada M3M 1 J8
Telephone: (416) 2353480
CNCP Dialcom Electronic Mail: 23:MIN006
August 1988 A C K N O W L E D G E M E N T S
The authors gratefully acknowledge the guidance and assistan-
ce provided by the Steering Committee:
M i n i s t r y o f T r a n s p o r t a t i o n / O n t a r i o
E. R. Case
(Chairman)
(Rye)
S.C.J. Radbone (Steve)
J. Tsai
(Joe)
F.D. Harris (Fred)
J.D. Duncan (Dave)
B. Meighan (Brian)
G. Gera (George) Goods Distribution Systems Office
Provincial Transportation Division
Traffic and Decision Systems Office
Research and Development Branch
Truck Transportation Office
Transportation Regulation Development Branch
Transit Control Technology and Systems Office
Transportation Technology and Energy Branch
Traffic Management and Engineering Office
Highway Operations and Maintenance Division
Municipal Transportation Policy Office
Municipal Transportation Division
Transit Office
Municipal Transportation Division
M i n i s t r y o f C u l t u r e a n d C o m m u n i c a t i o n s
L.F. Gomez (Lamberto) Operations and Technology Office
Communications Division
T r a n s p o r t C a n a d a
R.N. Sabounghi (Lewis)
Technology Applications Division
(Co-Chairman) Transportation Development Centre
V E X E C U T I V E S U M M A R Y
Except for some very early developments in China - the 'South
Pointing Carriage' around 200 A.D. and the magnetic compass
1000 years later - and a brief flurry of activity during the
early days of the automobile and again during World War II,
there were few advances in land navigation until the late
1960s. At that time, several concepts for providing electro-
nic route guidance were developed; however, these systems did
not progress beyond experimental stage because the required
technology was still too expensive and unreliable for wide-
spread application.
Recent advances in micro-electronics, however, have helped
generate renewed interest in vehicle positioning, navigation
and route guidance systems. The fact that these systems, if
adapted to traffic and fleet management, could help alleviate
urban traffic congestion and increase the efficiency of
transporting goods and providing other services, has added a
sense of urgency to their development.
This report contains a state-of-the-art review of those mo-
bile information systems which can display vehicle position
relative to a map data base and which facilitate or perform
navigation and route guidance functions. In-vehicle naviga-
tion and communications technologies, components of represen-
tative systems and methods of digitizing and storing map data
are described. Thirty-nine mobile systems, demonstrated or
announced in the 1980s, are classified by their infrastruc-
ture relationship, navigation technique and available func-
tions, map format and storage, output/input methods and po-
tential applications.
It is too early to predict which technologies and types of
systems will eventually gain widespread acceptance: autono-
mous dead-reckoning supplemented with map matching, or navi-
gation systems based on proximity devices, ground-based radio
signals or satellites. Perhaps in realization of the present
shortcomings of each of these systems, many system concepts
vii incorporate two, even three, positioning technologies.
Human factors considerations are presented from the perspec-
tive of the 'human information processor', which is highly
susceptible to error when overloaded. It is emphasized how
limited we are in our ability to acquire and process ex