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IPRO 337 Project Plan

Spring 2007





Energy Efficient Lighting Design Using
LEDs and Other Technologies

Advisor: Nancy Governale-Hamill
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1.0 Objectives

Incorporation of energy efficient lighting technologies into an existing 6,000 sq
ft space, thereby adding to the transformation of the space into a new useful
zero-energy lab.

Testing and measurement of energy consuming Devices that are scaled for
renewable energy systems such as photovoltaic, battery storage, and fuel
cells.

Demonstration of the use of day lighting for ambient light. Demonstration of
use of low energy consuming systems for task lighting and night time lighting.

Development of low energy consuming lighting systems including fixture
mock ups, lamp mock ups, day lighting harvesting systems, fiber optic day
light utilization systems, fixtures utilizing LED, low wattage fluorescent and
direct and indirect lighting fixture design.


2.0. Background

A. The project will be sponsored by IIT & donors to turn the 4
th
floor of Machinery
Hall into a research and teaching lab that demonstrates zero-energy usage.

B. The problem includes design and implement the most energy-efficient lighting
scheme available, either LED solid-state technology or conventional lighting
to be powered through renewable photovoltaic energy

C. Two branches of lighting technology are involved in the designing process.
The first branch is conventional lighting including fluorescent and
incandescent lights. These are the traditional or old types of lighting
scheme that are widely used. The second branch utilizes Light-Emitting Diode
(LEDs) instead of conventional light bulbs. The process also study patterns of
light distribution, optics, fixture design to optimize the overall utilization of
watt/ft
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D. Fluorescent and incandescent lights had been used for so long that they
became the norm in residential and commercial lighting. The effectiveness of
a light medium is measured loosely by the light it produces (measured in
lumens) versus the power it consumes (measure in W). Typical incandescent
light bulb has an efficiency of ~5%
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with a light output around 15lm/W for a
60W bulb. Fluorescent light can last twice as long as incandescent and has
twice the efficiency of an incandescent.

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Consumer Utilities Services, http://www.cus.net/electricity/subcats/eleclighting.html
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LED uses less electricity to produce roughly the same amount of illumination.
In 2002, Philips Lumileds introduces a 5W power LED with a range of 18-
22lm/W. Higher efficacy LED lighting are also available on the market. The
downside of LEDs is that they are often more expensive than conventional
lighting, mostly because they are fairly new on the market and the prices are
used to cover research and development. It is assumed that the increased
use of LED lighting applications will bring the cost down.

E. The issue in establishing a LED lighting scheme is initial cost. It takes longer
for the energy-efficiency to balance out the initial cost, and even longer for
users to benefit from savings on the utility bill. The second issue is that almost
all building structures were built to accommodate the fluorescent and
incandescent light, so introducing LED might pose potential problems such as
re-wiring, relocating light source, etc. Energy saving is an important benefit
from this project because wide uses of energy-efficient application will reduce
the dependence on fossil fuel and therefore eliminate pollutions and create a
safer environment for future generations. An ethical/habitual issue will be to
achieve wide uses of LED through residential homes. As mentioned earlier,
incandescent lights are still the norm of general illumination therefore LED
lighting applications need to break the norm and demonstrate that they can
do just as well as incandescent and better in a sense that they can save
money off utility bill. Another area the team is exploring is using day light
sensor and motion sensor. Day light sensors serve to utilize sun light to
further save energy while motion sensors might be use to light up the space
only if needed at night to prevent all-night illumination.

F. As mentioned in part E, the initial cost of buying and installing a LED light
system that can replace an existing conventional lighting system can be
expensive and the return rate will take longer than fluorescent. The team will
calculate payback of our design vs. conventional light.

G. In order to produce an energy-efficient lighting system, it is decided that LED
and fluorescent light will be use together. Incandescent light will not be used
due to their extreme inefficiency. Our target is an office space with an area of
6000 ft
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. Because there are many windows on the side wall and ceiling, we
will utilize sun light in our design to further maximize energy-saving. Ambient
light sensors will also be used to maintain a certain lighting level in the room
at all time.


H. A relevant topic with this project is the Zero-energy homes or ZEH that
currently gaining popularity in California.
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Newsweek No more electric bills Zero Enery Home
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/8852127/site/newsweek

Department of Energy Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy
http://www.eere.energy.gov/buildings/building_america/pdfs/29915_zeb_path.pdf
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I. Rendering of the space


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3.0. Methodology/Brainstorm/Work Breakdown Structure

A. Design and implement an energy-efficient lighting system for an office space
using power supplied by a photovoltaic system.

B. In order to accomplish the problem set forth in part A. The team conducted a
site visit to get a feel for the space. During the subsequence sessions, we
listed all the tasks needed to accomplish the goal from beginning to end.
Then the tasks were grouped into phases. There are 3 phases: Analysis,
Design and Implementation.
In the Analysis phase, we created two sub-teams and named them
Design/Rendering and Product Research. The D/R team is responsible for
providing the group with visual aid including: demonstrating the capacity of
the rendering software, actual rendering of the space and illumination
analysis. The data they provided are part of the determining factors in product
selection at a later stage. The PR teams responsibility is to search for LED
light, fluorescent light, ambient light sensors, and motion sensors. They also
contact the manufactures and industry engineers as needed.
In the Design Phase, products selection will be made according to the
illumination guideline in the rendering result. The group will also decide on
any other aspects to maximize lighting effects (paint, floor, etc). Sample
products will be ordered for mock up and evaluating purposes.
In the Implementation phase, the group will contact Facilities to do general
clean up and trash removal from the site. Final products will be ordered and
an electrician will install the lights, fixtures, and sensors.

C. The mock up will be set up, sample products will be ordered, and an
evaluation will follow. The possible criterion include: how bright the light is,
how it looks with the site, the material, ect.


D. All results of research and testing will be documented By the sub-groups and
team members then uploaded to igroups so that everyone will have access to
all of the findings.

E. The group will evaluate the product and analyze the result together. Advice
will be sought from the instructor, who has an extensive knowledge in
industrial lighting.

F. A sub-team responsible for the report will divide the task of writing the report
among themselves. A rough draft will be presented to the group for
adjustment and the final report will be a polished version including
everybodys work.

G. Not applicable.
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4.0 Expected Results

A.
IPRO 337s expected activities of our results is to have a virtual 3D study model
and images of the existing space in Machinery Hall to represent what the space
would look like if our proposed lighting efficiency and furniture design was
implemented into this space as well as some mock-ups of the proposed lighting
fixtures.

B.
Expected data which shall be gathered through research, are lighting product
specifications and requirements needed to provide an energy efficient design into
our existing space.

Our expected data resulting from testing should include: existing conditions of the
space in terms of lighting, the amount of energy it takes to run our mock-ups and
how much energy they produce. With our collected testing information we will be
able to select energy efficient lights that would be implemented into the design
and tested in virtual form.

C.
Some of the potential products that may evolve due to research and testing are
new lighting types, new design techniques, new ways of lighting, as well as an
educational space which can be displayed as an energy efficient example for
other students, employees, and professionals.

D.
Our potential outputs through the execution of assigned tasks are

to gain
knowle