os Angeles, CA 90012
(213) 922-3055
www.mta.net
Los Angeles Countys
Los Angeles Countys
Freeway High Occupancy Vehicle System
Freeway High Occupancy Vehicle System
Todays Presentation
!
Part I: Introduction to HOV Facilities
"
Why HOV Facilities?
"
Types of HOV Facilities
"
Los Angeles Experience
"
Recent Politics and Criticisms
!
Part II: Monitoring & Evaluating HOV Facilities
"
Need for Monitoring & Evaluation
"
Steps in Developing an Evaluation Program
"
MTAs HOV Performance Program
"
Early Survey Results
Part I:
Introduction & Overview
Why HOV
Facilities?
Why HOV Facilities (Contd)?
Congestion
Air Quality
Funding & ROW
Development
Other Reasons
!
Federal Transportation and Clean Air Act
Requirements
!
91% of Person Commute Trips by POV
(Source: 1995 NTPS)
!
Focuses on Person Movement Capacity
!
Cost Effective Solution
!
Enhance Bus Transit Operations
!
User Benefits
"
Travel Time Savings
"
Trip Reliability 2
HOV Projects in North America
Over 120 HOV Projects and 3 HOT Projects, 6 Terminated Since 1976
Types of HOV Facilities
I-210, Foothill Fwy, Pasadena,CA
Concurrent Flow Lanes
East Transitway, Ottawa, Canada
Exclusive Busways
Types of HOV Facilities
I-30, East Thornton Fwy, Dallas, TX
Contraflow Lanes
I-10, Katy Fwy, Houston, TX
Reversible Flow Lanes
Operation Philosophies
!
Most projects are 2+ restricted
!
24 hr. vs. Part-Time
!
Motorcycles OK
!
No Large Trucks
!
ILEVs OK
Other HOV Facilities
Park-and-Ride Lots
HOV Connectors
Queue Bypass Lanes
Direct Access Ramps
The Los Angeles Experience
!
1970 through 1980:
"
1973 Successful Demo of El Monte Busway
"
1976 Ill-Fated Santa Monica Diamond Lanes
!
1981 through 1990:
"
1985 SR-91 Commuter Lanes Demo
"
Promotion of Ridesharing, TSM, TDM
!
1991 through 2001:
"
Prop. C, CAAA, ISTEA and TEA-21
"
1992 LACTC/Caltrans HOV Master Agreement
"
1992 LACTC Carpool Lane Plan
"
1996 Harbor Freeway Transitway Opens
"
1996 MTA HOV System Integration Plan
"
1998 SB 45 STIP Reform 3
L.A. County HOV System Growth
Cumulative HOV Lane Mile
by Calendar Year
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
1973 1985 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Year
Transit Busway
HOV Lanes
LOS ANGELES COUNTY HOV
LOS ANGELES COUNTY HOV
PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION
PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION
(Currently Existing HOV Lanes)
(Currently Existing HOV Lanes)
HOV Lane Projects
HOV Lane Projects
Existing
Existing
Freeway
Freeway
Map Produced by MTA Countywide Planning
SAR/SAG, 11/28/00FG
0
0
4
4
4 Miles
4 Miles
Main Map Scale
Main Map Scale
NORTH LA COUNTY
NORTH LA COUNTY
0
0
10
10
10 Miles
10 Miles
LOS ANGELES COUNTY HOV
LOS ANGELES COUNTY HOV
PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION
PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION
SCHEDULE (1999
SCHEDULE (1999
-
-
2005)
2005)
Opening of HOV Projects
Opening of HOV Projects
Existing
Existing
2001
2001
-
-
2005
2005
Freeway
Freeway
0
0
4
4
4 Miles
4 Miles
Main Map Scale
Main Map Scale
NORTH LA COUNTY
NORTH LA COUNTY
0
0
10
10
10 Miles
10 Miles
NORTH LA COUNTY
NORTH LA COUNTY
LOS ANGELES COUNTY HOV
LOS ANGELES COUNTY HOV
PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION
PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION
SCHEDULE (1999
SCHEDULE (1999
-
-
2010)
2010)
Opening of HOV Projects
Opening of HOV Projects
Existing
Existing
2001
2001
-
-
2005
2005
2006
2006
-
-
2010
2010
Freeway
Freeway
0
0
4
4
4 Miles
4 Miles
Main Map Scale
Main Map Scale
0
0
10
10
10 Miles
10 Miles
NORTH LA COUNTY
NORTH LA COUNTY
LOS ANGELES COUNTY HOV
LOS ANGELES COUNTY HOV
PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION
PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION
SCHEDULE (1999
SCHEDULE (1999
-
-
2015)
2015)
Opening HOV Projects
Opening HOV Projects
Existing
Existing
2001
2001
-
-
2005
2005
2006
2006
-
-
2010
2010
2011
2011
-
-
2015
2015
Freeway
Freeway
0
0
4
4
4 Miles
4 Miles
Main Map Scale
Main Map Scale
0
0
10
10
10 Miles
10 Miles
What Do We Know?
!
HOV System is Not Complete
!
233,000 Vehicles / 529,000 Persons per Day
!
Person Trip Volumes 1.5 to 3 Times Higher
!
Travel Time Savings of 1 - 1.5 Min. per Mile
!
Significant Carpool Market
L.A. County Work Trips
1998 Mode Shares
Carpool
15.8%
Transit
8.5%
Drive Alone
75.7%
L.A. County All Trips
1998 Mode Shares
Drive Alone
56.1%
Transit
3.4%
Carpool
40.5% 4
What Do We Know?
Total Number of Carpools on Freeways
(AM Peak 2-Hour)
5000
15000
25000
35000
45000
55000
1992
1994
1996
1997
1998
Year
Freeways w/ HOV Lanes
Freeways w/o HOV Lanes
Note: The volume on freeways w/ HOV lanes is the total carpool volume at various locations on freeways,
I-10, SR-14, SR-57, SR-91, I-105, I-110, SR-118, SR-134, SR-170, I-210, I-405, and I-605.
The volume on freeways w/o HOV lanes is the total carpool volume at various locations on freeways,
SR-2, I-5, SR-60, US-101, and I-710.
Route 210 - Foothill Freeway
Peak Hour Comparison
Recent Politics and Criticisms
!
Elected Officials Increasingly Dissatisfied
!
NJDOT Converts I-80 & I-287 to Mixed Flow
!
Perceptions of Underutilization
!
Caltrans Seen as Inflexible and Biased
!
State LAO Report Findings:
"
Impact on Carpool Formation Unclear
"
Limited Measurements
SB 63
Passed
AB 71
Passed
AB 769
Passed
AB 1871
Passed
AB 44
Failed
SB 252
Failed
AB 2126
Failed
AB 2127
Failed
AB 2129
Failed
AB 1647
Failed
AB 199
Failed
SB 14
Failed
SB 545
Cmte.
Changes to El Monte Busway
!
SB 63:
"
Effective Jan. 00
"
Lowered occupancy requirement
from 3+ to 2+
"
Customer complaints
"
On-time perf. impacted up 10 min.
!
AB 769:
"
Effective July 00
"
Restored 3+ 5-9 am / 4-7 pm wkdys.
"
High violation rates
"
Enhanced enforcement & signage
Other Legislative Changes
!
AB 71:
"
Effective July 00
"
ILEVs allowed regardless of
occupancy
"
$8 decals administered by DMV
!
AB 1871:
"
Effective Jan. 01
"
Part-Time Demo on SR-14
"
2+ 5-9 am SB and 3-7 pm NB
"
Additional ingress/egress locations 5
Part II:
Monitoring & Evaluating HOV
Facilities
Need for Monitoring & Evaluation
!
Meet Federal and State Requirements
!
Identify Project Benefits and Causal Factors
!
Marketing & Education
!
Determine if Goals/Objectives are Being Met
!
Establish Uniform Methods
!
Operational Adjustments
!
Future Planning and Model Calibration
Steps in Developing an Evaluation
Program
Step 4: Develop Study Design
Step 1: Clear Articulation of Goals & Objectives
Step 2: Identify Information Needs
Step 3: Identify Measures of Effectiveness
MTAs HOV Performance Program
A Comprehensive, Systematic Program to Evaluate,
Market, and Sustain the Future Development of
HOV Facilities in Los Angeles County.
Study Objectives
1.
To Enhance Existing Data Collection Sources
2.
To Analyze Travel Impacts & User Benefits
3.
To Establish the Ability to Provide Policy-Makers
with Decision-Oriented Information
4.
To Sustain, Market, and Promote User and Non-
User Acceptance
5.
To Develop Sound Policy Recommendations
The Project Team
Kaku
Associates, Inc
Kaku
Associates, Inc
Texas
Transportation
Institute
Texas
Transportation
Institute
Strategic
Consulting &
Research
Strategic
Consulting &
Research
HS Public
Affairs
HS Public
Affairs
Client
Oversight/
Coordination
Prime Consultant
Sub Consultants
Caltrans District 7
FHWA/FTA
CARB/CHP
SCAG/AQMD
Other Counties
Cities/UCLA/AAA
FHWA/FTA
CARB/CHP
SCAG/AQMD
Other Counties
Cities/UCLA/AAA
National
Peer Review
Panel
Key Elements
!
Evaluation Plan
!
Data Collection & Compilation
!
Market Research Information
!
Data Reduction & Analysis
!
HOV Policy Issue Areas 6
Evaluation Plan
!
HOV System Goals & Objectives
!
Measures of Effectiveness
!
Performance Threshold Ranges
!
Data Collection Methods & Analysis
Procedures
Preliminary Objectives and MOEs
!
Change in vehicle emissions.
!
Change in fuel consumption.
Provide Air Quality Benefits
!
Change in the number of express bus routes,
number of buses and frequency of service to
existing and new markets.
!
Change in nature and level of vanpool and
carpool programs serving new and existing
markets.
!
Change in connections to other HOV facilities,
transit facilities, and major activity centers.
Encourage Carpooling, Vanpooling, and Bus Use
by Providing Travel and Mobility Options
!
Actual number and percent change in AVO.
!
Actual number and percent change in person
trips carried.
!
Actual number and percent change in carpools
and carpoolers.
!
Actual number and percent change in vanpools
and vanpoolers.
!
Actual number and percent change in buses
and bus riders.
Manage Travel Demand by Increasing the
Person Movement Capacity in Congested
Freeway Corridors
Measures of Effectiveness
Objective
Preliminary Objectives and MOEs
!
Change in express bus operating efficiencies,
operating cost per mile, per passenger, and per
passenger mile.
!
Benefit-cost ratio.
!
Number of type of accidents on HOV and
general purpose lanes.
!
Economic impacts.
!
Perception that HOV facility adequately used.
!
Perception that HOV facility is a good
transportation improvement.
!
Number and percent of vehicles violating
occupancy requirements.
Promote Cost-Effective Transportation
System
!
Travel time savings for HOV users compared to
general purpose lanes. Trip time reliability for
HOV users compared to general purpose lanes.
!
Change in express bus travel speeds.
!
Change in express bus travel time.
!
Change in express bus on-time performance.
Provide Travel Time Savings and Trip Time
Reliability to Users
Measures of Effectiveness
Objective
Data Collection & Compilation
!
Travel Time and Speed Data
!
Vehicle and Vehicle Occupancy Counts
!
Accident and Safety Statistics
!
Park-and-Ride Lot Usage
!
Violation Rates
!
Engineering Geometrics
!
Capital, Maintenance and Operating Costs
!
Transit Inventory
Market Research Information
!
Market Analysis Provides Insight into
Consu