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Book - The Technical Needs: Nonwovens for Medical/Surgical and Consumer Uses Document Name:
0102b049
Section:
TAPPI PRESS
Title:
The Technical Needs: Nonwovens for
Medical/Surgical and Consumer Uses
TAPPI PRESS
The Technical Needs: Nonwovens for Medical/Surgical and Consumer Uses
Edited by Donald F. Durso
1986. 241 pp., 6" X 9-1/2" hard cover
Item Number: 0102b049
ISBN: 0898520495
Table of Contents
Preface
Authors
List of Figures
List of Tables
Section I Raw Materials
1 The Importance of Cellulosic Fibers
2 Cotton's Place in Healthcare and Consumer
Nonwovens
Cotton's Place in Capillary Control
Purified Cotton Fiber: a Key Raw Material
Cotton's Place in Body (Skin) Contact
Products
Cotton Purity Compared to Other
Celluloses
Cotton Cellulose Derivatives
Cotton's Place in Binder Free Nonwovens
Cotton's Place in Thermal Bonded Products
Cotton's Place in the Mind of the Consumer
Cotton Technical References
Intrinsic Fiber Property Comparisons
Fiber Stress/Strain Properties
Fiber Length
Fiber Linear Density
Fiber Morphology
Resultant Cotton Fiber/Fabric Attributes
3 Woodpulp for Absorbent Products
Historical Development
Performance of Absorbent Structures
Buckeye Studies
Effect of Pulp Parameters
Effect of Fiber Length
Effect of Extractives
Effect of Fiber Length
Effect of Extractives
Effect of Air Felt Parameters
Effect of Pad Density
Airfelt Strength
Effect of Fiberization Parameters
Buckeye Studies
Conclusion
4 Rayon
Cellulose
Viscose
Fiber Formation
Staple Fiber Purification and Finishing
Fiber Structure
Fiber Properties
Fiber Variants
Direct Dissolution
Summary
5 Present Status and Future Needs of High
Performance Fiber for Nonwovens
Non Woven Process
Wet Laid Nonwoven
Polymer Laid Nonwovens
Dry Laid Nonwovens
Combination Nonwovens
The Importance of Fiber Materials
Recent Trends in Fiber Utilization and
Process Development
Fiber Machine Interaction
Dry Laid Machinery
Polymer Laid Processes
Wet Laid Processes
Present and Future Fiber Requirements
6 Bonding Nonwovens
Inherently Bonded Nonwovens
Thermally Bonded Nonwovens
Mechanically Bonded Nonwovens
Needle Punched Nonwovens Stitch Through Nonwovens
Spunlaced Nonwovens
Chemically Bonded Nonwovens
Bonding Nonwovens Using Solvents
Bonding Nonwovens Using Binders
Binder Migration
Helpful binder Equations
Application of Binders to Nonwovens
Spray Bonding
Saturation or Impregnation Bonding
Coating Bonding
Foam Bonding
Print Bonding
Drying and Curing
7 Chemical Bonding of Nonwoven Webs
Latex Technology
Nonwoven Binders
Fundamentals of Binder Performance
Cohesion
Adhesion
Binder Distribution
Developing Better Binders
Summary
8 Flame Retardants for Nonwovens
Definitions
Standards and Test Methods
Available Flame Retardants
Halogenated Materials and Antimony
Oxide
Phosphorous Compounds
Ammonium Sulfamate
Ammonium Bromide
Borax and Boric Acid
Alumina Tryhydrate
Mode of Action of Flame Retardants
Compounding with Flame Retardants
Section Ii
Product Attributes
9 Nonwovens - Requirements for Home Use
Material
Mattress Pad Facing
Wallcover Backings
Dusting Cloths
Kitchen Cloths
10 Requirements for Operating Room
Materials
Scope of Material and Products
Development of Material Requirements
Properties of Nonwoven Surgical Fibers
Property Requirements
Liquid Repellency
Aesthetic Properties
Strength
Fiber Tie-Down Properties
Safety Properties
Trend and Property Requirements
Repellency and D Aesthetics
Strength
Fiber Tie down Properties
Safety Properties
Flammability
Static discharge Properties
Toxicity
Market Dynamics
11 Synthetic Polymer Body Prosthesis
Materials
Property Requirements of Prostheses
Types of Prostheses
Polymers Used in Prostheses
Fabrications
The Future
12 Some Nonwovens and Their Specialized
Uses
Structural Features and Properties of
Some
Nonwovens
End Use Targets
Specialized Uses
Uses of Geotextiles
Section III
13 Performance Testing
General Overview: Materials and
Composites
14 Performance Testing: Interfacing with the
Consumer
15 Describing Factors Influencing the
Perception
Of Comfort
Background
Specimens
Evaluation
Interpretation
Developing the Comfort Index
Conclusion
16 the Effect of Wearing Diapers on Skin
Skin Wetness - Adults
Skin Wetness- Infants
Skin Friction - Adults and Infants
Skin Abrasion - Adults
Skin Penetration - Adults
Skin Microbiology - Adults
Discussion
Conclusion
17 Methods for Testing the Biobarrier
Properties Of Packaging Material Used in Medical
Devices
Strike Through Method
Material
Methods
Experimental
Exposure Chamber Method
Materials
Method
Exposure Chamber
Method of Evacuating Chamber
Method for Testing the Bacterial
Concentration of the Chamber
Decontamination of the Exposure
Chamber
Experimental
18 Sterile Medical Device Packaging: GMP
Inspectional Concerns
Process Validations
Inspectional Concerns/Finding
Incoming Packaging Inspection
Sealing Equipment Qualification
Performance Qualification
Process Control
Finished Product Package Testing
Requalification
FDA 483 Observations
Conclusion
19 Packaging and Medical Device Recalls
Recalls
Keys to Successful Packaging
FDA's Efforts
20 Experiences of Automated Testing in the
Paper Industry
Experiences
Operation of Instruments
Data Acquisition
Reporting of Results
Efforts Towards a Total Approach
Index
Absorbency Rate
Absorbent Pads
Acrylamide
Acrylates
Acrylic
Acrilonitrile
Adhesive Binders,
Air Drying
Air Felts
Strength
Air Knife
Air Sprayer
Airflex
Apha Cellulose
Alumina Trihydrate
Ammonium Bromide
Ammonium Chloride
Ammoniun Nitrate
Ammonium Polyphosphate
Ammonium Sulfamate
Antimony Oxide
Antimony Trihalide
Apex Chemicals
Aqueous Binders
Arabeva Process
Arachne Process
Araknit Process
Araloop Process
Aramid Fibers
Autoamted Testing
Paper Industry
Avril
Bacteria Barrier
Bar Code Labels/Readers
Binder(s)
Additives
Adhesion
Applications
Cohesion
Distribution
Drying and Curing
Equation
Halogenated
Lean
Migration
Performance
Biobarrier
Bleaching Process,
Blow Ration
Bolt
Bone Cement
Borax
Boric Acid
Brawny
Bromine
Buckeye
Runs
Butadiene
Calcium Carbonate
Caliban
Capillaries
Capillary Forces
Carbon Fiber
Carding
Cross-Laid
Cellulose
Acetate,
Acetate Fibers
Properties Uses
Dissolutions
Fibers
Capillary Systems
Properties
Pulp
Sources
Cerex
Chemi-Thermomechanical
Pulp
Chicope
Chlorine
Char
Ciba-Geigy
Cloths, Kitchen
"Clout"
Coating Bonding
Comfort
Computer Testing
Paper Industry
Construction Textiles
Consumers
Conwed
Cotton
Body Contract Products
Capillaries
Derivatives
Fabrics
Fiber Morphology
Fiber Preparation
Fiber Properties,
Fibers
Physical/Chemical
Properties
Purity
Thermal Bond Properties
Wet Tactile Properties
Uses,
Cotton Cellulose
Cresylic Acid
Cross Linking
Crown Zellerbach
Curity
Dacron
Decabromodiphenyl Oxide
Delnet
Density
Absorbent Pads
Dexter
Diammonium Phosphate
Diapers
Digital Instruments
Dimensional Stability
Dioctyl Phthalate,
Dispersion
Disposable
Drying Binders
Dupont
"Duster Plus"
Dusting Cloth
Dyne Solution
Electronics
Embossing Web
Encapsulation
"End Dust"
Epoxy
Metallized
Erythema
Ethylene
Ethylene Glycol
Ethylene Vinyl Chloride
Fabrics
Airflow Properties
Bending and Shear
Comfort
Liquid Repellent
Mechanical Properties
Standard Evaluation
Strength
Thermal Properties
Felts
Feminine Hygiene Products
Fiber
Adhesion
Film Formation
Fireblock Fabrics
Flame Retardants
Compounding
Fabrics
Halogenated Compounds
Phosphorous Compounds
Standards
Test Methods
Flameproof
Flat Bed Dryer
Fluff Pulp
Absorbency
Characteristics
Fluorinated Polymers
Foam
Foam Bonding
Food and Drug
Administration
(FDA)
Food Drug and Cosmetic Act
Formaldehyde
Fresh Guy
FYREX
FYROL
FYROL
Geotextiles
Good Manufacturing
Practice
(GMP)
Handi Wipes
Halogenated Compounds
Halogenated Hydrocarbon
Solvent
Hammermills
Hardwoods
Hemicellulose
Hollingsworth & Vose
Hydrogels
Hydro Bonding
H