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Guide for Evaluating and Establishing Performance of Emerging DR Technologies Guide for Evaluating and Establishing
Performance of Emerging DR Technologies
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Guide for Evaluating and
Establishing Performance
of Emerging DR Technologies

1003963
Final Report, December 2001


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Principal Investigator
T. Key
This report describes research sponsored by EPRIsolutions.
The report is a corporate document that should be cited in the literature in the following manner:
Guide for Evaluating and Establishing Performance of Emerging DR Technologies, EPRI,
Palo Alto, CA: 2001. 1003963.




iii

v
REPORT SUMMARY

This engineering guide characterizes heat-rate (efficiency), cogeneration (waste heat), electrical
characteristics (for example, voltageand power quality), immunity, and emissions such as noise,
disposable/hazardous wastes, and electromagnetic interference (EMI) for DR technologies. The
guide outlines requirements for consistent protocols, methods, and procedures applied to test and
evaluate emerging distributed resource (DR) technologies. Examples of these technologies are
internal combustion engines, small gas turbines (including micro turbines), fuel cells, and energy
storage technologies.
Background
As DR becomes available in new types of equipment and applications, there is an increased
interest in assessing the performance of these emerging technologies. This interest in
performance ranges from fuel, thermal, and electric efficiencies to all measures of compatibility,
such as electromagnetic, environmental, and grid interconnection. These measurements can
involve many different system parameters covering several engineering disciplines. Therefore, a
guide was proposed that brings these disciplines together in one overview document that
evaluates distributed resources from an engineering perspective. The rationale for this guide is
that consistent test protocols, methods, and procedures are needed to effectively test and evaluate
emerging DR technologies. Also, there are many different types and stages of testing that have
not been described clearly and applied consistently. A document was needed to sort out the
important differences and objectives for various evaluation stages such as proof of concept,
prototype performance, equipment certification, or system site acceptance testing.
Objectives
To define a uniform methodology and provide needed references and guidelines for consistent
evaluation and testing of emerging DR technologies.
To provide a reference for the types of tests normally run, aspects of performance that need to
be covered, and expected results.
To show what testing accomplished to dateand to be conducted in the futurewill provide
for uniform evaluation criteria and performance expectations for distributed resources.
vi

Approach
The Guide for Evaluating and Establishing Performance of Emerging DR Technologies set out
to cover a range of performance evaluations for the many different types of DR. Initial tasks
were to identify all the various DR types and system configurations.
Results
In addition to identify all the various DR types and system configurations , the guide also
identifies the various performance aspects for these systems. Different performance aspects,
including energy performance, interconnection, and environmental, are defined and organized as
a preparatory step to equipment characterization. A literature search determined where existing
standards and procedures are available that can be cited and applied in DR evaluation. These
documents are described in the guide or listed by references. The guide also shows how various
codes and standards are applied and the expected level of detail for establishing DR
performance.
EPRI Perspective
The quick pace of DR development brings potential impacts and opportunities for the electric
power industry. It is important to define consistent methods for characterizing the performance
of these emerging technologies. DR performance measurements results may be a factor in
developing interconnection practices and setting requirements that protect the public power
supply. DR performance measurements also may contribute in making sound investment
decisions for one technology or another.
Keywords
Engineering evaluation
Evaluation guide
Distributed resources testing
Guide for testing DR
Test protocols
EPRIsolutions Licensed Material
vii
ABSTRACT
Advocates of DR tend to oversimplify the engineering challenges faced when integrating DR
into the electric power system (EPS). At the same time, utility personnel may require excessive
hardware to be installed and/or testing to be performed before interconnecting a DR system to
the EPS. If such excessive requirements are mandated by utilities or other governing bodies, they
could make some DR system alternatives uneconomic. This guides aim is to provide a
consistent and balanced approach for testing and evaluating DR technologies that will provide
the necessary information for decision makers when they consider deployment of DR.

EPRIsolutions Licensed Material
CONTENTS
1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................. 1-1

Purpose.............................................................................................................................. 1-3

Stakeholders ...................................................................................................................... 1-4

Responsibilities.............................................................................................................. 1-5

Proprietary Information .................................................................................................. 1-5

Third Party Testing ............................................................................................................. 1-6

2 DR SYSTEM DEFINATION ................................................................................................. 2-1

Forms of Energy................................................................................................................. 2-1