Institute Archives and Special Collections Building 14N-118 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02139-4307 http://libraries.mit.edu/archives ARCHIVES Phone Fax Email 617.253.5136 617.258.7305 mithistory@mit.edu WILLIAM HOVGAARD, 1857-1950
Papers, 1888-1944 (bulk 1901-1930) Manuscript Collection ­ MC 185 10 manuscript boxes, 1 legal-size manuscript box, 1 cassette box 4.5 cubic feet Accession number: 1977-77 Processed: April 2006 By: Michael Thompson ACCESS
There are no restrictions on access to this collection. COPYRIGHT
Requests for permission to publish material from the collection should be directed to the head of the Institute Archives and Special Collections. WILLIAM HOVGAARD, 1857-1950. Page 2 MC 185 BIOGRAPHICAL NOTE
William Hovgaard (1857-1950) graduated from the Naval Academy at Copenhagen in 1879 and from the Royal Naval College in Greenwich, England, in 1887. He joined the staff of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1901 and was professor of naval design and construction until his retirement in 1933. He was a consulting naval architect to many private companies and to several bureaus of the United States Department of the Navy. He also served as an expert witness in the investigations of the sinking of the Titanic and the Lusitania. William Hovgaard was born in Aarhus, Jutland, Denmark, on November 28, 1857. He graduated from the Naval Academy in Copenhagen in 1879, at age 21, and was commissioned as sub-lieutenant in the Danish Navy. In 1881 he was promoted to full lieutenant. In 1882 Hovgaard was a crew member of the Danish Transit of Venus Expedition to St. Croix. In 1883 Hovgaard entered the School of Naval Architecture at the Royal Naval College in Greenwich, England. After graduating in 1887, he moved back to Denmark. He was placed on technical duty in the Royal Dockyard at Copenhagen, where he served until 1895 as an instructor at the dockyard's School of Naval Architects and Engineers. In 1895, he was appointed yard manager of the famous Danish shipyard of Burweister & Wain. In 1897 he attained the rank of commander in the Danish navy, and in the following two years he took special courses in gunnery and torpedoes and made cruises in war vessels. During this time, he prepared a complete design of a submarine. Hovgaard later resigned his Danish naval commission in 1905. In 1901 Hovgaard was appointed aide-de-camp to the Danish Minister of Marine, and was sent to the United States to study the newly relevant issue of submarines. Later that year, Hovgaard joined the nascent MIT Department of Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering (Course XIII-A) as director and professor of naval design. This was a graduate-level course, founded by Cecil H. Peabody, which was intended mainly (though not exclusively) for naval cadets. The courses Hovgaard most frequently taught were Warship Design, Theory of Warship Design, and History of Modern Warship Construction. Hovgaard spent his early years at MIT helping to strengthen the Course in Naval Architecture. He designed many of the exams given to undergraduate and doctoral students of naval architecture. He also worked closely with several distinguished faculty members of Course XIII, including Cecil Peabody, Henry H. W. Keith, James R. Jack, and Carl H. Clark. Hovgaard's work reinforced the connection between the Institute and the United States Navy, and many of his students went on to careers in naval architecture and design. Among his most distinguished students were Jerome C. Hunsaker and future Rear Admiral Edward Ellsberg. In 1915 Hovgaard was called to serve as an expert witness on behalf of the White Star Lines during the inquiry that followed the sinking of the HMS Titanic. Having already attained a high profile in his chosen field, he was awarded a gold medal by the British WILLIAM HOVGAARD, 1857-1950. Page 3 MC 185 Institution of Naval Architects for his work on the "Buoyancy and Stability of Submarines." When World War I enveloped the US in 1917, Hovgaard took a leave of absence from the Institute and began technical duty at the War Department's Bureau of Construction and Repair, where he served until the end of the war in 1918, and with which he maintained close ties throughout his career. In 1918 he served as expert witness and offered testimony in the Navy's inquest following the torpedoing of the SS Lusitania. Hovgaard was naturalized as a US citizen in 1919. In addition to his naval expertise, he was by this time regarded as an authority on the subject of dirigibles and airship construction. In 1922 he was appointed by the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics as a member of the special committee on the designs of the airships RS-1 and Shenandoah. In 1924 he was appointed chairman of a newly formed exchange program between American and Scandinavian universities. In 1925 he was commissioned by the Naval Court of Inquiry to study the aftermath of the crash of the airship Shenandoah, and he designed and constructed a replica keel of the airship in the MIT workshops, with MIT students. In the years that followed, Hovgaard was as active outside the Institute as within it. In 1926 he was elected vice-president of the American Scandinavian Foundation, of which he had been a trustee since 1912. In an article published in 1927 in the New York Times, Hovgaard proposed a barge-like "seadrome," or anchored, floating relay platform for airplanes. That same year, he was made a Knight Commander of Dennebroge by King Christian X of Denmark. Nineteen twenty-nine was a particularly active year for Hovgaard. He was appointed to the Department of Commerce's Committee on Ship Construction. The Polyteknisk Laeranstalt in Copenhagen awarded him the honorary degree of Doctor of Engineering. Later in 1929 he became a full member of the National Academy of Sciences. In 1930 he wrote the program notes for an exhibit at the MIT Nautical Museum entitled "A Model of the Christianus Quintus: First Three-Decker in the Danish Navy." In 1932 he was made a life member of the Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers. In 1933, at age 76, Hovgaard retired from his position at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and was appointed professor emeritus. Henry E. Rossell succeeded him as head of Course XIII-A. Hovgaard moved to Brooklyn, New York, where he was a consulting naval architect to the Bureau of Yards and Docks at the Navy Department, and to other private concerns, including the consulting firm of Gibbs & Cox. He continued to be active as a scientist and naval authority for many years. In 1934 he addressed the Academy of Arts and Sciences in Boston regarding "Fundamentals of the Theory of Relativity," and later that year the Stevens Institute awarded him the title of Doctor of Engineering. In 1935 he was selected to analyze and make recommendations to the Secretary of the Navy regarding the future design and construction of airships. WILLIAM HOVGAARD, 1857-1950. Page 4 MC 185 In 1937 Hovgaard was honored at a luncheon at the Astor Hotel, under sponsorship of the American Society of Danish Engineers, the Danish Officers' Club, and the Danish Luncheon Club. A letter read at the luncheon from a US naval official noted that 85 percent of the officers in the Navy's construction corps were Hovgaard's former students, and that every one of the Navy's ships currently docked at New York Harbor was constructed under the supervision of his former pupils. Later in 1937 Hovgaard was appointed to the Navy's advisory board on plans for two new battleships. Hovgaard's health was declining by the beginning of World War II, but he was still able to write a pamphlet called "The United World," whose main premise was that the fundamental causes of war are of innate biological origin. Karl T. Compton, MIT's president, wrote the foreword to the work. Hovgaard died in January 1950, in Summit, New Jersey. He was survived by his wife, Marie Hovgaard, his daughter, Annette Jerrald, and his son, Ole M. Hovgaard. PROVENANCE NOTE
Folders 1 through 281 were a gift of William Hovgaard in 1947. Folders 282 through 313, containing additional materials and publications, were added in 2006 from the MIT Libraries collection. SCOPE AND CONTENT NOTE
The William Hovgaard collection was first organized into 281 separate folders at the New York Navy Yard in 1947 before being sent to the Institute. The bulk of this collection consists of reports and memoranda drafted from 1901 to 1930 by Dr. Hovgaard for various departments of the United States Navy, most notably the Bureau of Construction and Repair, for whom he seems to have done much of his consulting research. These memos and reports mainly concern research on the design and construction of ships, submarines, and airships for the US Navy. Topics include dry docks, gun turret stresses and test firings, riveted joints, radiodynamic torpedo design, bending and breakage of beams and pipes, safety at sea, and ship disasters. There are, however, many other topics of interest in this collection. Researchers studying the development of naval architecture will be interested in folders 118 to 121, which hold examinations given to Hovgaard at the Royal Naval College in Greenwich, England. Researchers studying MIT history in general, and Course XIII-A in particular, should examine folders 122 through 128, which hold exams given by Hovgaard to his students at the Institute. These offer an interesting comparison to the exams Hovgaard received at the Royal Naval College. Hovgaard also kept a list (folder 251) of theses on naval architecture written by MIT students, as well as his comments on those theses (folder 250). Several of the other folders contain pamphlets and articles written by Hovgaard on a variety of subjects, including his program notes for "A Model of the Christianus Quintus" (folder 145). There is a memo discussing the feasibility of long-range "burning mirrors," an idea first proposed by Archimedes, which was still being considered in 1918 (folder 155). WILLIAM HOVGAARD, 1857-1950. Page 5 MC 185 Historians and researchers of naval disasters will want to make special note of two folders. Hovgaard's testimony on the Titanic disaster, which consists of four pages of prepared testimony and correspondence, is in folder 180. His testimony on Lusitania, which consists of twenty-nine pages of correspondence and prepared testimony, is in folder 181. LANGUAGES:
Collection is predominantly in English. Some early material is in Danish. RELATED MATERIAL:
Jerome Clarke Hunsaker, Papers, 1898-1969. Manuscript Collection MC 272. XIII-A: One Hundred Years, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Cambridge, Mass.: Dept. of Ocean Engineering, 2000. MIT Libraries. T171 .M4224 .O248. 2000. Baker, William A. A History of the First 75 Years. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Department of Naval Architecture & Marine Engineering, 1969. MIT Libraries. VM1.M41.N31 no. 69-3 WILLIAM HOVGAARD, 1857-1950. Page 6 MC 185 Box 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Folder 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Contents Memorandum: "Anti-Rolling Ailerons" Memorandum: "Rubberized Fabric on Airplanes" Paper: "An Airplane Section in Mid-Atlantic" Letters: "Strength of Airships" Paper: "The Airship Problem" Photostats and blueprints of various airships (O) = Oversize Memorandum: "Preliminary Survey of the History of Airships" Memorandum: "Wind Pressures and Other Dynamic Forces Acting on Mooring Masts for Airships" Report: "Loss of the USS Shenandoah" Prepared questions and answers to be used in connection with the hearing on the loss of the USS Shenandoah Memorandum: "Loss of the USS Shenandoah" Synopsis and analysis of the loss of the USS Shenandoah Photostat of the last flight of the USS Shenandoah Memorandum: "Loss of the USS Macon," and letter from Jerome C. Hunsaker Abstract of revised report on the accident to HM Airship R-38 Article: "Water Models for Aeronautical Tests" with photostats Report: "Water Model RS-1" Memorandum: "Proposed Model of Fleet Airship No. 1" Report: "Report on Experiments with Airship Models" Report: "Report on Test of Model of Airship RS-1" Article: "Bending of a Quasi-Ellipsoidal Shell with Special Reference to Rigid Airships" 1 1 9 10 1 1 1 1 11 12 13 14 1 1 1 1 1 11 1 15 16 17 18 19 20(O) 21 WILLIAM HOVGAARD, 1857-1950. Page 7 MC 185 Box 1 1 Folder 22 23 Contents Report: "Rigid Airship ZR-1" (O) = Oversize Memorandum: Special Committee on Rigid Airship ZR-1, Memo #1, "The Longitudinal Strength of Rigid Airships," 29 August 1922 Memorandum: Special Committee on Rigid Airship ZR-1, Memo #2, "Longitudinals and Transverse Shears," 22 September 1922 Memorandum: Special Committee on Rigid Airship ZR-1, Memo #3, "Further Development of the Bending Method," 17 October 1922 Report: "Report of Special Committee on Rigid Airship ZR-1" and Preliminary Statement of Committee's Findings Paper: "The Longitudinal Strength of Rigid Airships" Memorandum: "The General Strength of Rigid Airships" Memorandum (Draft): "Longitudinal Strength of Airships" Memorandum (Draft): "Studies and Calculations on Connection with ZR-1" Memorandum: "The General Strength of Rigid Airships," further investigations Memorandum: "Strength of Semi-Rigid Airships" Memorandum: Appendix I, 24 May 1923, "Elongation and Contraction of the Suspension Cable" Memorandum: Appendix II, 2 June 1923, "Nose Stiffening" Memorandum: "Statical Longitudinal Stability of Semi-Rigid Airships, with Special Reference to RS-1" Memorandum: "Calculations of the Longitudinal Strength of RS-1" Memorandum: "Stresses Caused by Variation in Superpressures" Memorandum: "Increase in Flexibility of the Keel" 1 24 1 25 1 26 1 1 1 2 27 28 29 30 2 31 2 2 32 33 2 2 34 35 2 2 2 36 37 38 WILLIAM HOVGAARD, 1857-1950. Page 8 MC 185 Box 2 Folder 39 Contents (O) = Oversize Article: "Adjustment of the Elastic Properties of a Modern Keel, US Army Airship RS-1" Correspondence pertinent to the development and design of semirigid airship RS-1 (Special Committee), with letter from Jerome C. Hunsaker Report: "Voyage With the Airship Hindenburg, Sept. 21 to 24, 1936 and Visit to Friedrichshafen, Sept. 24 to 26, 1936" 2 40 2 41 2 42 Memorandum: "An Analysis of the Anchor Windlass of the USS Tennessee" Letter: "World Organization of Armaments," sent to New York Times editorial department Paper: "The Relation Between Armament and Protection in the 10,000-Ton Cruisers and the Ersatz-Preussen" Memorandum: "Protection of Openings in Armor Decks" Memorandum: "Data for Battle Condition" Memorandum: "Material for Torpedo Bulkheads" Paper: "An Analysis of Tests of Water-Tight Bulkheads With Practical Rules and Tables for Their Construction" Patent certificate no. 1164814: "Elastic Bulkheads" Correspondence: "Preventing the Shifting of Bulk Cargo" Article: "A Proposed New Type of Conning Tower for Large Battleships" Paper: "The Cruiser" Memorandum: "Structural Design of Destroyer Leader" Memorandum: "Analysis of Deck Plating Tests" Memorandum: "Design of Protective Decks" 2 43 2 44 2 2 2 2 45 46 47 48 2 2 11 49 50 51(O) 2 2 2 2 52 53 54 55 WILLIAM HOVGAARD, 1857-1950. Page 9 MC 185 Box 2 Folder 56 Contents (O) = Oversize Memorandum: "Deck Stanchions--Maryland (46) and West Virginia (48) Memorandum: "Analysis of Tests of Deck Target Models" Memorandum: "Exact Determination of the Displacement of Ships With Special Regard to the Buoyancy Produced by the Atmosphere" Paper: "Exact Determination of the Displacement of a Ship" Patent certificate no. 9815, Denmark: "Improved Method of and Apparatus for Distilling Sea Water and Other Liquids" Memorandum: "Tests of Keel Blocks Used in Docking" Memorandum: "Docking Stresses" Memorandum: "Failure of Keel Blocks in a Dry Dock" Memorandum: "Distribution of Blocking Under Modern Battleships in Dock With Special Regard to the Emergency Condition" Memorandum: "Contract NOy-2500, Model Test, Floating Dry Dock ARD-3; Comment on Final Report" Memorandum: Floating Dry Dock Memo #1, "Longitudinal Strength Calculations for Floating Dry Dock--General Assumptions" Memorandum: Floating Dry Dock Memo #2, "Method of Calculating Maximum Stresses and the Use of High Tensile Steel" Memorandum: Floating Dry Dock Memo #3, "Multi-Sectional Floating Dock" Memorandum: Floating Dry Dock Memo #4, "Strength and Stiffness of the Walls" Memorandum: Floating Dry Dock Memo #5, "Torsional Moments" Memorandum: Floating Dry Dock Memo #6, "Loading Assumptions for the Design of the Bottom Pontoon" and Memorandum: Floating Dry Dock Memo #7, "Various Structural Problems" Memorandum: Floating Dry Dock Memo #8 2 2 57 58 2 2 59 60 3 3 3 3 61 62 63 64 3 65 3 66 3 67 3 68 3 69 3 3 70 71-72 3 73 WILLIAM HOVGAARD, 1857-1950. Page 10 MC 185 Box 3 3 Folder 74 75 Contents Memorandum: Floating Dry Dock Memo #9 (O) = Oversize Memorandum: Floating Dry Dock Memo #10, "Thickness of Bottom Plating" Memorandum: Floating Dry Dock Memo #11, "Measurements of Strains and Deflections" Memorandum: Floating Dry Dock Memo #13, "Transverse Girders and Plating of Cellular Bottom" Memorandum: Floating Dry Dock Memo #14, Strains and Deflections--Supplement to Memo #11" Memorandum: Floating Dry Dock Memo #15, "Elastic Stability of the Walls of ARD-3 in Sagging" Memorandum: Floating Dry Dock Memo #16, "ARD-3, Comments on Various Drawings" Memorandum: Floating Dry Dock Memo #17, Comments to Final Report of Professor George E. Beggs on Floating Dry Dock ARD3--Model Analysis Memorandum: Floating Dry Dock Memo #18, "Permissible Stresses and Sea Moments--Strategic Value" Correspondence and photographs relating to the development and design of Floating Dry Dock ARD-3, 1936-1938 Note: List of plans for Floating Dry Dock ARD-3 Memorandum: "USS Mount Vernon--Effects of Bilging" Memorandum: "USS America--Effects of Bilging" Memorandum: "USS Mercury--Effects of Bilging" Memorandum: "USS Pocahontas--Effects of Bilging" Memorandum: "USS Siboney--Effects of Bilging" Memorandum: "USS Covington--Effects of Bilging" Memorandum: "USS Leviathan--Effects of Bilging" 3 76 3 77 3 78 3 79 3 80 3 81 3 82 3 83 3 11 3 11 3 3 3 3 84 85(O) 86 87(O) 88 89 90 91 WILLIAM HOVGAARD, 1857-1950. Page 11 MC 185 Box 3 3 3 3 Folder 92 93 94 95 Contents Memorandum: "USS Mallory--Effects of Bilging" (O) = Oversize Memorandum: "USS Lake Placid--Effects of Bilging" Memorandum: "USS Calamares & Class--Effects of Bilging" Memorandum: "USS Great Northern and Northern Pacific--Effects of Bilging," 20 June 1918 Memorandum: "USS President Grant--Effects of Bilging" Memorandum: "USS Mount Vernon--Effects of Bilging" Memorandum: "USS Great Northern and Northern Pacific--Effects of Bilging" Memorandum: "Santa Teresa, Santa Lucia and Santa Elsa--Effects of Bilging" Memorandum: "USS Rijndam--Effects of Bilging" Memorandum: "USS Lenape--Effects of Bilging" Memorandum: "USS Madawaska--Effects of Bilging" Memorandum: "USS Louisville and St. Paul--Effects of Bilging" Memorandum: "USS Luckenbach--Effects of Bilging" Memorandum: "USS Susquehanna and Antigone--Effects of Bilging" Memorandum: "USS Kroonland and Finland--Effects of Bilging" Memorandum: "USS Mongolia and Manchuria--Effects of Bilging" Memorandum: "USS George Washington--Effects of Bilging" Memorandum: "USS Martha Washington--Effects of Bilging" Memorandum: "USS Aeolus--Effects of Bilging" Memorandum: "USS Rijndam--Effects of Bilging," 9 September 1918 11 3 3 96(O) 97 98 3 99 3 4 4 4 4 4 100 101 102 103 104 105 4 4 4 4 4 4 106 107 108 109 110 111 WILLIAM HOVGAARD, 1857-1950. Page 12 MC 185 Box 4 4 4 4 4 Folder 112 113 114 115 116 Contents Memorandum: "USS De Kalk--Effects of Bilging" Memorandum: "USS Huron--Effects of Bilging" (O) = Oversize Memorandum: "USS Powhatan--Effects of Bilging" Memorandum: "USS Zeelandia--Effects of Bilging" Blueprints: "USS Harrisburg and USS Plattsburg--Effects of Bilging" Memorandum: "USS Matsonia and Maui--Effects of Bilging" Royal Naval College Examinations: Session 1883-1884 Royal Naval College Examinations: Session 1884-1885 Royal Naval College Examinations: Session 1885-1886 Royal Naval College Regulations, 1878 Examination papers, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Examination papers, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Examination papers, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Examination papers, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Examination papers, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Examination papers, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Examination papers, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Paper: "The Principle of Minimum Energy and the Motion of Fluids" Memorandum: "Strength of Funnel Structure in Airplane Carriers" Correspondence on turret stresses Report: "Stresses in Structure Under Turrets in 10,000-Ton Light Cruisers" 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 5 5 5 130 131 132 WILLIAM HOVGAARD, 1857-1950. Page 13 MC 185 Box 5 5 5 5 Folder 133 134 135 136 Contents (O) = Oversize Report: "Stresses in Two-Gun Turrets for 16-Inch Guns" Memorandum: "Stresses in Gun Turrets" Memorandum: "Stresses in Gun Turrets" Memorandum: "Observations and Measurements to Be Made During Firing Trials in a Triple 14-Inch Gun" Memorandum: "Measurements of the Motions of the Turrets and Turret Structures During the Structural Test Firing of the USS Tennessee" Memorandum: "Stresses in Gun Turrets" Memorandum: "Analysis of Gun Turret Tests, USS California-- 1923" Memorandum: "Experimental Firing at the USS North Dakota" Memorandum: "Analysis of Experimental Firing Against Turret No. 2 of USS North Dakota on May 1, 1924" Memorandum: "Stresses in Gun Turrets--Analysis of Firing Trials on USS California--Single Gun Salvos--The Turning Gear" Memorandum: "Analysis of Firing Trials--USS California--SingleGun Salvos--The Turning Gear," preliminary Letters regarding stresses in gun turrets--Experimental firing at the USS North Dakota MIT exhibit program: "A Model of Christianus Quintus, First ThreeDecker in the Danish Navy" Article reprint: "The Arsenal in Piraeus and the Ancient Building Rules" Memorandum: "Hydraulic Cylinders" Letter: Comments and recommendations regarding a potential National Hydraulic Laboratory Memorandum 1: "Inclining Experiments" 5 137 5 5 138 139 5 5 140 141 5 142 5 143 6 144 6 145 6 146 6 6 147 148 6 149 WILLIAM HOVGAARD, 1857-1950. Page 14 MC 185 Box 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 Folder 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 Contents Memorandum 2: "Inclining Experiments" Memorandum: "The Integraph" (O) = Oversize Memorandum: "Limiting R.P.M. For a Shaft or Disc" Memorandum: "The Liverpool Point" Memorandum: "Reduction of Temperature in Magazine Spaces" Memorandum: "Burning Mirrors" Memorandum: "Method of Calculating Moments of Inertia or Ships Sections" Article: "Naval Strategy in a War Between England and Germany" (1911) Memorandum: "Safety of Oil Tank Vessels in the War Zone" Memorandum: "Use of Sulphuric Acid for Pickling Plates" Memorandum: "Size of Air-Escape Pipes" Paper: "Further Research on Pipe Bends" Article reprint: "The Elastic Deformation of Pipe Bends" Article reprint: "Information of Plane Pipes and Further Research on Pipe Bends" Article reprint: "Tests of High-Pressure Pipe Bends" Article reprint: "Stresses in Three-Dimensional Pipe Bends" Memorandum: "Material of Piping for Fresh Water and Salt Water Lines" Memorandum: "Recommendations for Repairs to the Bottom of USS Kanawha" Paper: "An Analysis of the Resistance of Ships" Memorandum: "Experiments on Riveted Joints," preliminary 6 157 6 6 6 6 6 6 158 159 160 161 162 163 6 6 6 164 165 166 6 167 6 6 168 169 WILLIAM HOVGAARD, 1857-1950. Page 15 MC 185 Box 6 6 Folder 170 171 Contents (O) = Oversize Memorandum: "Tests of Riveted Joints," preliminary Memorandum: "An Analysis of Tests Made By the Bureau of Standards of Riveted Joints" Memorandum: "Analysis of German Riveting Specifications" Memorandum: "Riveting of Protective Side Plating on 10,000-Ton Light Cruisers" Memorandum: "Flettner's Rudder" Memorandum: "External Rudder Yoke" Booklet: "International Conference on Safety of Life at Sea--1929 Convention and Final Act" Booklet: "International Conference on Safety of Life at Sea-- Statement of Requirements Relating to Construction and Life-Saving Appliances" Letters: regarding appointment to Investigatory Committee for International Conference on Safety of Life at Sea Letters: Relating to preliminary work of Ships Construction Committee for International Conference on Safety of Life at Sea Letters and testimony regarding sinking of HMS Titanic Letters and testimony regarding sinking of USS Lusitania Memorandum: "Loss of City of Athens" Memorandum: "Loss of President Lincoln" Memorandum: "Stability of Mount Vernon, America and Covington" Article: "The Stability of Ocean-Going Passenger Ships" (O) Correspondence: "Periods of Roll and Pitch" Memorandum: Rules and requirements to secure "The Stability of Ocean-Going Passenger Ships" 6 6 172 173 6 6 6 174 175 176 6 177 6 178 6 179 11 11 7 7 7 11 7 7 180(O) 181(O) 182 183 184 185 186 187 WILLIAM HOVGAARD, 1857-1950. Page 16 MC 185 Box 7 7 Folder 188 189 Contents Memorandum: "Stability of Ex-German Ships" (O) = Oversize Memorandum: "Stability of Ex-German Ships. Centerline Bulkheads in Vaterland and Kronprinzessin Cecilie" Memorandum: "Stability of Ex-German Ships Antigone (Neckar) and Susquehanna (Rhein) Memorandum: "Dr. W.P. Jenney's Method Calculating the Period of Oscillation of a Ship" Memorandum: "Loading and Stability of Oil Tankers" Memorandum: "Stability of Ex-German Ships Used As Troop Transports" Memorandum: "Proposed Letter to the Commanding Officers of US Oil Tankers Concerning the Best Mode of Ballasting Under War Conditions and of Minimizing the Effects of Underwater Damage" Memorandum: "Oil Tankers, Type No. 208 and 209, Built By Newport News Shipbuilding & Dry Dock Co. for the US Shipping Board, Emergency Fleet Corp." Memorandum: "Strength and Seaworthiness of Car Float No. 2244 Built By Manitowoc Shipbuilding & Dry Dock Co." Memorandum: "W.T. Donnelly's Method of Rendering Ships Unsinkable: Application of Method to SS Lucia" Memorandum: "USS Quincy--Watertight Subdivision and Ballasting" Memorandum: "Comments on First Report of the Special Committee on Loading and Stability--New Passenger Ships" Memorandum: "Program for Combined Steering-Gear Tests, Turning, and Maneuvering Trials in the USS New Mexico" Memorandum: "An Analysis of the Rudder and Turning Trials of USS New Mexico" Memorandum: "Remarks on Various Features of the US Battleship Tennessee" 7 190 7 191 7 7 192 193 7 194 7 195 7 196 7 197 7 198 7 199 7 200 7 201 7 202 WILLIAM HOVGAARD, 1857-1950. Page 17 MC 185 Box 7 Folder 203 Contents (O) = Oversize Memorandum: "An Analysis of the Steering-Gear in US Battleship Tennessee" Memorandum: "On the Steering Gear Tests on USS West Virginia Aug. 29 to Sept. 2, 1924" Memorandum: "Strength Calculation of Sternpost of USS Chester" Article reprint: "The Strategic Situation in the Baltic" Article reprint: "Some Strategical Sketches" Article reprint: "The Stress Distribution in Longitudinal Welds and Adjoining Structures" Article reprint and letters: "Stresses and Deflections in Large Dynamo Frames" Paper: "Bending of Curved Pipes" Article: "Analysis of Strain Measurements & Polar Diagrams for Plane Stress" Article reprint, annotated: "Determination of the Stresses in a Beam By Means of the Principle of Least Work" Article reprint: "A New Proof of the Theory of Ordinary Bending and Its Extension to Beams of Non-Homogenous Materials" Paper: "Determination of the Stresses in a Beam By the Method of Variation" Paper: Y.C. Yeh, "The Distribution of Stresses in Welded Structure" Article reprint: "The Stress Distribution in Welds" and article reprint: "The Stress Distribution in Welded Overlapped Joints" Article reprint: "The Distribution of Stresses in Welded and Riveted Connections" Article reprint with two plates: "Strength of Knees and Brackets at Ends of Beams & Stiffeners" Memorandum: "Structural Strength and Oil-Tightness of Oil Tankers With Special Reference to the USS Kanawha and Class" 7 204 7 7 7 7 205 206 207 208 7 209 7 7 210 211 7 212 7 213 7 214 7 7 215 216 and 217 7 218 7 219 7 220 WILLIAM HOVGAARD, 1857-1950. Page 18 MC 185 Box 7 7 Folder 221 222 Contents (O) = Oversize Memorandum: "Scout Cruisers Nos. 4 to 6--Structural Strength" Memorandum: "Calculation By Marsec's Method of the Strength of a Closed-Frame Ship" Memorandum: "Investigation of Stresses in the Airplane Carriers By the Photo-Elastic Method" Memorandum: "Strength of Bottom Structure 10,000-Ton Cruisers" Memorandum: "Strength of Bottom Structure in Light Cruisers #24 and 25 (10,000-Ton Light Cruisers)" Paper: "Safety of Submarines" Article reprint: "The Military Value of Submarines" Article: "Present Status of Submarine Boats" Paper: "Proposed Designs for Surface-Boats and Diving Boats", 1888 Correspondence with Rear Admiral W.D. MacDougall: "Submarines V-4, V5 and V-6 (SM1, SC1, SC2) Strength of Frame Sections" Article reprint: "Submarine Boats" Correspondence: Letter from Bureau of Construction and Repair regarding "Submarine Design" Memorandum: "Mine-Laying Submarines--Airplane Chamber Door" Memorandum: "Submarines S-18 to S-41--Watertight Staples Around Central Frames on Tank Tops" Memorandum: "Examination of Portfolio Addressed to Consul General G.M. Bryde" Memorandum: "Strength Calculations For Submarines" Memorandum: Strength Calculations for Dished Bulkheads of Submarines" 7 223 7 7 224 225 7 7 7 7 226 227 228 229 7 230 8 8 231 232 8 233 8 234 8 235 8 8 236 237 WILLIAM HOVGAARD, 1857-1950. Page 19 MC 185 Box 8 Folder 238 Contents (O) = Oversize Memorandum: "The Strength of Submarines of Circular Cylindrical Shape Stiffened by Frames and Bulkheads" Memorandum: "Cylindrical Dish in Bulkheads of Submarines" Memorandum: "Strength of Submarines," preliminary Memorandum: "The Strength of Submarines of Circular Cylindrical Shape Stiffened by Frames and Bulkheads. Experiments and Practical Application of the Theory Given in Memo #88" Memorandum: "Comments on Prof. Flamm's Memorandum and on Information from the German Admiralty Regarding German Submarines" Memorandum: "Strength of Inner Hull of Fleet Submarines V-5 and V-6 in Way of Bump for Main Motors" Memorandum: "Strength of Submarines V-5 and V-6: Preliminary for Memo #117," preliminary notes Memorandum: "Strength of Hull In Vicinity of Main Motors of Submarines V-5 and V-6" Memorandum: "Hilber and Kaplan's Calculations for Memo #117: Strength of Submarines V-5 and V-6" Memorandum: "Frahm's Anti-Rolling Tanks" Memorandum: "Memo on an Experimental Model Tank for the Massachusetts Institute of Technology" Memorandum: "Procedure for Tests of Riveted Joints" Memorandum: "Comments on Theses of Naval Students at MIT-- Course XIII-A" List of MIT Course XIII-A theses: years and authors Article: "The Seaworthiness of Torpedo Boats" Contract for services in connection with the development of a radiodynamic torpedo, 1921 Memorandum: "Memo #1: Radiodynamic Torpedo--Model #2347" 8 8 8 239 240 241 8 242 8 243 8 244 8 245 8 246 8 8 247 248 8 8 249 250 8 11 8 251 252(O) 253 8 254 WILLIAM HOVGAARD, 1857-1950. Page 20 MC 185 Box 8 8 8 8 Folder 255 256 257 258 Contents (O) = Oversize Memorandum: "Memo #2: Radiodynamic Torpedo--Model #2347" Memorandum: "Memo #3: Radiodynamic Torpedo--Model #2347" Memorandum: "Memo #6: Radiodynamic Torpedo--Model #2347" Report: "Description and Specifications of the Radio-Dynamic Torpedo" Note: "Blueprints--see separate folder" Memorandum: "Radiodynamic Torpedo Unit" Article reprint: "Torsion of Rectangular Tubes" Memorandum: "On the Use of Torsion Meters for Measuring the Twisting Moment in Rudder Stocks" Report: "Automatic Towing Engine" Correspondence with Commander C.M. Simmers: "Automatic Towing Engines" Memorandum: "High Speed Towing Target" Memorandum: "Research on Maneuvering Trials" Memorandum: "SS Moosehead: Conversion to Troop Transport for Cross-Channel Service" Memorandum: "USS Hancock: Watertight Subdivision; Suitability As a Troop Transport Memorandum: "Status of Work in Connection With Safety of Troop Transports" Memorandum: J.W. Bates, "Turning Circles" Memorandum: "Turning Circles of New 10,000-Ton Cruisers," preliminary Memorandum: "Turning Circles of New 10,000-Ton Cruisers" 8 8 9 9 259 260 261 262 9 9 263 264 9 9 9 265 266 267 9 268 9 269 9 9 270 271 9 272 WILLIAM HOVGAARD, 1857-1950. Page 21 MC 185 Box 9 Folder 273 Contents (O) = Oversize Memorandum: "Correction of Transverse and Longitudinal Inclinations Caused By Underwater Damage" Memorandum: "Correction of Transverse and Longitudinal Inclinations Caused By Underwater Damage--Battleships Nos. 3642" Notes and preliminary studies on the effects of underwater explosions--original destroyed on 27 October, 1947 Memorandum: "Effects of Underwater Explosions--Fundamental Considerations" Memorandum: "Effects of Underwater Explosions" Article reprint: "Effects of Underwater Explosions" Memorandum: "Analysis of Underwater Explosions--Tests on BB47" Article: "Underwater Vessels," Russian translation Article reprint: "Is War Inevitable?" Article reprint: "Is War Inevitable?" reprinted in Albatross magazine with editor's comments List of Professor Hovgaard's articles and papers Article reprint: "Overfladebaade", 1888 Article reprint: "Proposed Designs for Surface-Boats and Diving Boats," 1888 Booklet: "Storebaelts Forsvar," 1893 Booklet: "Agersøstillingen," 1893 Article reprint: "Die Seetüchtigkeit der Torpedoboote," 1899 Article reprint: "Strength of Elliptic Sections Under Fluid Pressure," 1900 Article reprint: "Water-Tight Subdivisions of Warships," 1903 9 274 9 275 9 276 9 9 9 277 278 279 9 9 9 279a 280 281 10 10 10 282 283 284 10 10 10 10 285 286 287 288 10 289 WILLIAM HOVGAARD, 1857-1950. Page 22 MC 185 Box 10 10 11 10 10 10 10 10 Folder 290 291 292(O) 293 294 295 296 297 Contents Paper: "The Sea-Going Battleship," 1904 Paper: "The Cruiser," 1905 (O) = Oversize Article reprint: "Fate of the Russian Ships at Tsushima," 1906 Paper: "On the Speed of Battleships," 1907 Paper: "Analysis of the Resistance of Ships," 1908 Paper: "Strength of Water-Tight Bulkheads," 1909 Paper: "Analysis of Tests of Water-Tight Bulkheads," 1910 Article reprint: "Scandinavian-Americans and Their Home Countries" Article reprint: "Naval Strategy in a War Between England and Germany," 1911 Article reprint: "Kortfattet--Den Amerikansk-Skandinaviske," 1914 Article reprint: "Submarine Boats," 1916 Article reprint: "Some Strategical Sketches," 1917 Paper: "Buoyancy and Stability of Troop Transports," 1919 Paper: "Calculation of the Transverse Strength of Submarines by Marbec's Method," 1921 Article Reprint: "Principle of Minimum Energy," 1923 Paper: "Theory of Bending," 1923 Article reprint: "Norsemen in Greenland," 1925 Article reprint: "Arsenal in Piraeus and the Ancient Building Rules," 1926 Article reprint: "Determination of the Stresses in a Beam by the Method of Variation," 1928 Paper: "Relation Between Armament and Protection," 1929 10 298 10 10 10 10 10 299 300 301 302 303 10 10 10 10 304 305 306 307 10 308 10 309 WILLIAM HOVGAARD, 1857-1950. Page 23 MC 185 Box 10 Folder 310 Contents (O) = Oversize MIT exhibit program reprint: "A Model of Christianus Quintus, First Three-Decker in the Danish Navy," 1930 Article reprint: "Ritz's Electrodynamic Theory," 1932 Article reprint: "Biographical Memoir of George Fillmore Swain, 1857-1931" Booklet: "The United World, with a Foreword by Karl T. Compton," 1944 Contains oversize folders 20, 51, 85, 87, 96, 180, 181, 185, 252, 292 Original index card finding aid for William Hovgaard collection, 1947 10 10 311 312 10 313 11 12 WILLIAM HOVGAARD, 1857-1950. Page 24 MC 185 APPENDIX 1: William Hovgaard, 1857-1950: A Bibliography A. Books Books on Naval Architecture 1887 1891 1915 1920 1920 Submarine Boats. E.&F. Spon, Ltd. London. 98pp. Lectures on Technology. Royal Dockyard. Copenhagen. 195pp. Structural Design of Warships. E.&F. Spon, Ltd. London. 384pp. Modern History of Warships. E.&F. Spon, Ltd. London. 514pp. General Design of Warships. E.&F. Spon, Ltd. London. 307pp. Books on Non-Naval Architecture Subjects 1887 1888 1914 Sundhed eller Kundskaber. Emil Bergman. Copenhagen. 80pp. Sport. Emil Bergman. Copenhagen. 174pp. The Voyages of the Norsemen in America. American Scandinavian Foundation.New York. 304pp. B. Papers, Articles and Pamphlets Danish Tidsskrift for Sövaesen 1889 1893 1893 1893 1894 1894 1899 1900 "Vore Torpedobaades Södygtighed" "Om at befastest Stöttepunkt for vor Flaade I Store Baelt" "Agersöstillingen" "Storebaelts Forsvar" "Den nye Ordning af det franske Söminevesen" "Sökrigen I Östasien" "Undervandsbaade" "Strategi og Folkesemning" WILLIAM HOVGAARD, 1857-1950. Page 25 MC 185 1911 "De maritime-strategiske Forhold under en Krig mellem England or Tyskland" Institute of Naval Architects, London 1888 1900 1901 1908 1909 1912 1917 1923 1926 1927 1929 "Proposed Designs for Surface Boats and Diving Boats" "The Strength of Elliptic Sections Under Fluid Pressure" "Motion of Submarine Boats in the Vertical Plane" "An Analysis of the Resistance of Ships" "Diverging Waves" "Turning Circles" "Buoyancy and Stability of Submarines" (Awarded Gold Medal) "The Theory of Bending" "Inclining Experiments With Ships of Small or Negative Stability" "Deformation and Stress Distribution in Rigid Airships" "The Relation Between Armament and Protection in the 10,000-ton Cruisersand the Ersatz-Prussen" "A New Theory of the Distribution of Shearing Stresses in Riveted and Welded Connections and Its Application to Discontinuities in the Structure of a Ship" 1931 The Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers, New York 1903 1904 1905 1907 1909 1910 "Watertight Subdivision of Warships" "The Seagoing Battleship" "The Cruiser" "The Speed of Battleships" "The Strength of Watertight Bulkheads" "An Analysis of Tests of Watertight Bulkheads" WILLIAM HOVGAARD, 1857-1950. Page 26 MC 185 1919 1921 1922 1931 "Buoyancy and Stability of Troop Transports" "Calculation of the Transverse Strength of Submarines by Marbec's Method" "The Longitudinal Strength of Rigid Airships" "Determination of Stresses in Plating from Strain Measurements" Jane's Fighting Ships, Portsmouth, England 1906 1908 1909 "The Fate of the Russian Ships at Tsushima" "Proposed New Type of Conning-Tower for Large Battleships" "Protection of Battleships Against Submarine Attack" Marine Rundschau, Berlin, Germany 1893 (December) "Die Vertheidigung des Grossen Belts" Mittheilungen aus dem Gebiete des Seewesens, Pola Austria 1899 "Die Seetüchtigkeit der Torpedoboote" Ingeniören, No.32 1900 "Styrken af elliptiske Sektioner under uvendigt Vädsketryk" Engineering, London 1889, July 26. "The Seaworthiness of Torpedo Boats" 1909, June 18. "The Loss of S.S. Republic and the Strength of Bulkheads" 1912, May 24. "Watertight Subdivision of Liners" 1915, Sept. 3. "A Lesson from the Lusitania Disaster" 1916, Dec. 15, 22, 29. "The Naval War and the Size of Battleships" WILLIAM HOVGAARD, 1857-1950. Page 27 MC 185 1927, Aug. 19. "An Airplane Station in the Mid-Atlantic" 1929, April 19. "The Stability of Ocean-Going Passenger Ships" U.S. Naval Institute 1911, March. "Naval Strategy in a War Between England and Germany" 1917, Feb. "Some Strategical Sketches" 1936, March. "Airships for Naval Service" 1937, Oct. "Is War Inevitable?" Translations into English for the Nautical Meterological Annual, Danish Meteorological Institute 1899-1902 1900 1901 "The State of the Ice in the Arctic Seas" "Wind Charts, North Atlantic and Davis Strait," V. Garde "Some Investigations Relating to the Ocean Currents in the Sea Between Norway, Scotland and Greenland," C. Ryder Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, U.S.A. 1923, Nov., Vol.9, No.11 "The Principle of Minimum Energy and the Motion of Fluids" "Bending of a Quasi-Ellipsoidal Shell With Special Reference to Rigid Airships" "The Stress Distribution in Welds. ­ The Stress Distribution in Welded Overlapped Joints" "The Distribution of Stresses in Welded and Riveted Connections" "An Investigation of Stresses in Longitudinal Welds" "Torsion of Rectangular Tubes" 1927, Feb., Vol.13, No.4 1930, Nov., Vol.16, No.11 1931, June, Vol.17, No.6 1934, Vol.1, No.1 1936, June, Vol.22, No.6 WILLIAM HOVGAARD, 1857-1950. Page 28 MC 185 Journal of Mathematics and Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology 1923, Dec., Vol.II, No.4 "A New Proof of the Theory of Ordinary Bending and Its Extension to Beams of Non-Homogenous Materials" "Determination of the Stresses in a Beam By Means of the Principle of Least Work" "Adjustment of the Elastic Properties of a Model Keel, United States Army Airship RS-1" "The Elastic Deformation of Pipe Bends" "Deformation of Plane Pipes" "Further Research on Pipe Bends" "Tests of High-Pressure Pipe Bends" "Ritz's Electrodynamic Theory" 1925, April, Vol.IV, No.2 1925, Dec., Vol.V, No.1 1926, Nov., Vol.VI, No.2 1928, Oct., Vol.VII, No.3 1928, Dec., Vol.VII, No.4 1929, Dec, Vol.VIII, No.4 1932, Dec., Vol.XI, No.4 1934, Vol.XIII, No.2 "The Stress Distribution in Longitudinal Welds and Adjoining Structures" International Congress of Mathematics, Bologna, 1928 Proceedings, Vol. VI "Determination of the Stresses in a Beam by the Method of Variation" World Engineering Congress, Tokyo, 1929 Proceedings, Vol. III "Deflections and Stresses in Pipe Bends" Third International Congress for Applied Mechanics, Stockholm, 1930 Proceedings, Vol. II "Bending of Curved Pipes" Articles on Disarmament 1929, July 26 London Engineering WILLIAM HOVGAARD, 1857-1950. Page 29 MC 185 1929, July 28 New York Times 1929, Sept. 27 Boston Evening Transcript 1931, Dec. 6 New York Times 1935, Feb. 24 New York Times Zeitschrift für Angewandte Mathematik und Mechanik 1930, Band 10 "Bestimmang von Balkenspannungen mit Hilfe der Variationsvechnung" 1931, Band 11 "Die Spannungsverteilung in Schweissungen" Isis 1926, Vol. VIII, I, No. 25, Brussels "The Arsenal in Piraeus and the Ancient Building Rules" Science 1930, Vol. LXXI 1930 "Theoretical Mechanics in Engineering Schools" "A Model of the Christianus Quintus, Nautical Museum, Massachusetts Institute of Technology" American Society of Mechanical Engineers 1935, Oct. Transactions: Stresses in Three-Dimensional Pipe Bends 1936, July Transactions: Discussions to Three-Dimensional Pipe Bends 1937, Nov. Transactions: Further Studies of Three-Dimensional Pipe Bends 1937, Sept. Journal of Applied Mechanics, "Torsion of Rectangular Tubes" Science Conspectus 1915, Vol.5, No.3 "Present Status of Submarine Boats" WILLIAM HOVGAARD, 1857-1950. Page 30 MC 185 The Scandinavian American 1910, Dec. 1914 "Scandinavian-Americans and Their Home Countries" "Den Dansk-Amerikanske Bevaegelses Historie" Den Danske Pioneer 1910, Nov. 24 "De skandinaviske Amerikanere og deres forhold til hjemlandene" New York Evening Post 1912, Nov. 23 "The Danish Isle St. Thomas" American-Scandinavian Review 1913, Jan. undated "The Commercial Future of St. Thomas" "The Military Value of Submarines" Geographisk Tidsskrift, Copenhagen 1882 "Venuspassagen" St. Croix Avis 1882, Dec. 2 "The Transit of Venus" The Nautical Museum Massachusetts Institute of Technology "A Model of the Christianus Quintus: First Three-Decker in the Danish Navy" Massachusetts Institute of Technology 1944, August "The United World," foreword by Karl T. Compton (President, MIT) WILLIAM HOVGAARD, 1857-1950. Page 31 MC 185 National Academy of Sciences 1937, Vol. XVII "Biographical Memoir of George Fillmore Swain, 1857-1931" Navy Department, Bureau of Construction and Repair 1923, Bulletin No. 113 "Effects of Underwater Explosions" Reviews The Geographical Review, New York 1882, April 5, Dannebrog: "Lord Cochrane" 1928 Sophie Grönland: "I hverdag og fest" 1906, Dec. 5 Boston Evening Transcript: "On Battleships" 1909, Nov. 27 Army and Navy Journal: "Who Invented the Monitor?" 1910, Apr. 30 The Tech: "Warship Design and Construction" 1912, Feb. 15 Engineering News: Review of "Festigkeit der Schiffe" by F. Pietzker 1915, Feb. 20 Public Ledger, Philadelphia: "Submarines vs. Battleships" 1915, Apr. 14 Baltimore News: "A Consideration of the Technical Limitations and Military Requirements of Under Seas Craft" 1926, Dec. 23 Transcript: "The Ten New Cruisers" 1927, July 3 New York Times: "Airplane Station in Mid-Ocean" 1928, Jan. 11 Transcript: "Efficiency vs. Safety: The Submarine Problem" 1929, April Technology Review: "Airplane Station in the Atlantic" The American Scandinavian Review 1925 Review of "Eyktarsad--Problemet og Vinlandsrejserne," by M.M. Mjelde Review of Sofus Larsen's book "The Discovery of North America Twenty 1926, Jan. WILLIAM HOVGAARD, 1857-1950. Page 32 MC 185 Years Before Columbus" 1931, March Review of E. F. Gray's book on "Leif Eriksson" 1932, April Review of H. R. Holand's book "The Kensington Stone" The Geographical Review, New York 1925, Oct. 1931, July 1931, July 1932, July "The Norsemen in Greenland: Recent Discoveries at Herjolfsnes" Review of T. D. Kendrick's book "A History of the Vikings" Review of E. F. Gray's book on "Leif Eriksson" Review of H. R. Holand's book "The Kensington Stone" Boston Evening Transcript 1926, Oct. 2 Comments upon the historical basis of Ms. Clara Sharpe Hough's novel, "Leif the Lucky"