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FINAL REPORT
February 22, 2001

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Table Of Contents
Executive Summary................................................................................ 2
1.0 Introduction.................................................................................... 4
2.0 Objective ....................................................................................... 5
3.0 Scope
....................................................................................... 5
4.0 Approach ....................................................................................... 5
5.0 Process Details ............................................................................... 6
5.1 Identify Influence Centers .............................................................. 6
5.2 Identify Identify Safety Regulations............................................... 8
5.3 Derive a Master Diagram.............................................................. 9
5.4 Develop Influence Diagrams ...................................................... 10
5.5 Rank Influence Factors................................................................ 10
5.6 Compile Final Influence Diagrams and Expert Data .................. 11
5.7 Overlay Regulations, Rules, Guidelines, & Procedures ............ 11
5.8 Organize Results & Identify Gaps & Shortfalls in Coverage ..... 11
6.0 Results
..................................................................................... 14
Appendix A Safety Drivers & Definitions ..............................................
Appendix B Safety Influence Survey Form............................................
Appendix C Safety Influence Master Diagram & Definitions ...............
Appendix D Safety Influence Diagram & Descriptions .........................
Appendix E Rules, Regulations & Guidelines Survey Table.................
Appendix F Influence & Coverage Summary Spreadsheet...................

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FOR

THE INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL OF CRUISE LINES

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

The International Council of Cruise Lines (ICCL) contracted the M. Rosenblatt and Son Group, of
AMSEC LLC to perform a holistic study of large passenger vessel safety, reinforced by the extensive
experience of ICCL ship operators. This study is an initiative to take a comprehensive look at large
passenger vessel safety by examining a substantial number of influences on the safe operation of a large
passenger vessel, and the rules and regulations that govern them, in an effort to identify areas that may
need additional emphasis. The findings of this study will be presented to the International Maritime
Organization at their Maritime Safety Committee meeting in May 2001, for the active review by the
international community.

To accomplish this, the spectrum of influences, as defined by an expert panel of large passenger vessel
operators and safety personnel, was divided into Influence Centers. Within those centers the spectrum
of influences was further divided into Influence Factors. Influence Centers are major groupings of
Influence Factors. Influence Factors are items that prevent, detect, constrain, resolve or in some other
way influence a Safety Driver. Safety Drivers are the external events that create a safety-related
incident. These incidents are such things as groundings, collisions, etc. Each safety-related incident
requires some level of response to resolve it. For purposes of the study, the response was divided into
four levels; prevention, containment, recovery and evacuation.

The large passenger vessel safety evaluation process began by identifying the Safety Influence Centers.
Each Influence Center was then broken into as many Influence Factors as could be derived from several
iterations of brainstorming by panels of experts. As the panels examined the Influence Factors, the
numbers of Influence Centers and the groupings changed until a mutually agreeable Master Diagram
depicting all the Influence Centers, Influence Factors, and Safety Drivers was achieved. These
Influence Factors were then ranked to identify their degree of impact on a particular Safety Driver
during each level of response. This ranking was performed in a two-day off-site meeting of experts.
Finally, overlays of operating procedures and rules/regulations were applied to the applicable Influence
Factors to determine the extent to which Influence Factors appear to be or appear not to be adequately
addressed. This approached considered both the safety impacts and regulatory coverage to highlight
areas where there may be opportunities to further consider large passenger vessel safety.

The regulatory overlay considered the following regulations, rules and, guidelines:
1. The International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS)
2. International Safety Management Code (ISM Code)
3. International Convention for Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping (STCW)

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

4. Measures to Prevent Unlawful Acts Against Passengers and Crews on Board Ships
5. International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL)
6. International Load Lines Convention (LLC)
7. International Life Saving Appliance Code (LSA Code)
8. Det Norske Veritas (DNV) Rules for Classification of Ships
9. International Council of Cruise Lines Guidelines
The results are presented in two distinct manners, diagrammatically and in a spreadsheet. There are 51
diagrams; 4 for each of the Safety Divers (Incidents), and one for each response level, except for the
Man Overboard Safety driver, where there are only 3 diagrams since there is no Evacuation response
level to consider. For each diagram, the Influence Factors were assigned one of three levels based on
the following criteria:

Level I

Directly effects or prevents a particular Safety Driver

Level II

Significant contributor

Level III

Minor contributor

The ranking is conveyed on the influence diagrams by the type of line connecting it to the Safety Driver.
Factors with no contribution were not assigned a level and no connectivity was shown on the influence
diagram.

Color-coding and numbering were used on the incident diagrams and descriptions to indicate how well
the rules and regulations address the Influence Factors. The same lines (or type of line) showing the
Influence Factors level of significance are color coded on the diagrams as follows:


Color Code
Coverage Level

Description
Red


1


No or minimal coverage
Yellow


2


Some coverage
Green


3


Extensive coverage

Additionally, the data is presented in spreadsheet form, using much the same scheme, except the level of
significance is depicted using Roman Numerals I, II, and II as previously discussed, and the color of the
cell is the same as the line color used for the influence diagrams.

The areas that would most likely benefit from further study would be those Influence Factors that are
ranked as having a direct effect on the Safety Drivers (significance level I) and having minimal or no
regulatory coverage. The final report lists these areas and a methodology for further analysis.

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1.0
Introduction
The large passenger vessel trade has increased dramatically in recent years and projections are for even
greater increases in the future. This increase in business has been accompanied by an increase in vessel
size and attendant public exposure. These factors have made the safety of large passenger vessels a
growing area of public concern, not only nationally, but internationally as well. Ship safety, including
large passenger vessels, has been covered in the past by a myriad of international, national and
classification society rules and regulations. The ICCL has contracted with the M. Rosenblatt and Son
Group, of AMSEC LLC to perform a holistic study of large passenger vessel safety, reinforced by the
vast experience of ICCL ship operators.

This study examines a large number of influences on the safe operation of a large passenger vessel, and
the regulations that govern them, in an effort to identify areas that may need additional emphasis. In
order to do this the spectrum of influences, as defined by an expert panel of large passenger vessel
operators and safety personnel, was divided into Influence Centers, and within those centers, Influence
Factors.

Influence Centers are major groupings of elements that are defined as Influence Factors. Influence
Factors are items that prevent, detect, constrain, resolve or in some other way influence a Safety Driver.
Safety Drivers are the external events that create a safety-related incident. These incidents are such
things as groundings, collisions, etc. Each safety-related incident requires some level of response to
resolve it.

The level of response was broken into four parts. The first level of response is Prevention. For this
level, the intent is to see what influence factors come into play so that for instance, collisions may be
avoided all together. The second level of response is defined as Containment. Containment, in thi