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COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL Abbe, Ernst, 347
A. B. Dick, 416
Abel, John Jacob, 439
Abplanalp, Robert, 402403
absolute zero, 272
Academia del Cimento, 201
Academia Secretorum Naturae, 201
Accademia del Lincei, 201
Acheulian stone tool culture, 67
achil dye, 41
acid rain, 399
acupuncture, 236
Adams, John Couch, 279, 280
adaptation of an existing design to
an alternate technology, 177
adding machine, 155156, 191, 192
Ader, Clément, 327
aerosol spray, 402403
Aeschylus, 70
Afghanistan
copper in, 33
windmills in, 146
African Americans, 324
African slaves, 87, 140
African weaving, 69
Age of Scientific Revolution. See
Scientific Revolution, Age of
Agfa company, 467
Agincourt, battle at, 120
agriculture, 10, 1517, 38, 8283
cities, as precondition for, 31
crop diversification, 15
horse collar and, 40, 7879, 83,
116117, 118, 142
horseshoe and, 118, 142
McCormick reaper, 277278
the plow, 8283, 117, 118,
130131
productivity during Industrial
Revolution, 225226
three-field system, 82, 117,
141142
Aiken, Howard, 412
air brake, 231
aircraft carrier, 325326, 332
airplane, 157, 178, 227, 321,
326329, 438
aluminum in, 232
autopilot, 406407
Norden bombsight, 364365
air pump, 195
AK-47, 198
Altamira, Spain, cave paintings, 56
Alamogordo, New Mexico, 448,
450451, 456
Al-Biruni, 123
alchemy, 8586, 105, 122
alcoholic beverages. See beer;
distilled spirits; wine
Alexandria, Egypt, 31
library at, 47, 49, 203
mosaic glass in, 45
algebra, 13, 90
algorithm, 90
Alhazen, 119
al-Khwarizmi, Mohammed ibn-
Musa, 90, 104, 148
Allen, Horatio, 301
alphabet, 1718
aluminum, 231232, 344
Alwall, Nils, 439
Amdahl Corporation, 42
American Civil War, 96, 102, 126,
292, 382
American Philosophical Society, 201
American Standard for steam
locomotices, 300, 301
American System of Manufactures.
See interchangeable parts
Amontons, Guillaume, 214
Ampère, André-Marie, 232, 259,
260, 264265, 311
Ampères law, 223, 232233, 276
Ampex Corporation, 477
amphorae, 51
Anacin, 329
analytic engine, 233234, 283, 412
anamorphic lens, 478
Anatomical exercises concerning the
motion of the Heart and of the
Blood in Animals (Harvey),
169
anatomy, 9091, 109
Anaximander, 98
Ancient World through Classical
Antiquity, 8000 B.C. to A.D.
300, 2, 4, 979
eras of the prehistorical and
classical world, 10
overview, 914
Anderson, Carl D., 370
Anderson, Ken, 409
Anderson, W. French, 428
Andrews, Ed, 358
Andromeda nebula, 462
anemometer, 166
anesthetics, 227, 234236, 329
Anikythera computer, 12, 99
animals, domestication of. See
domestication of animals
Anschütz-Kempe, Herman, 352
answering machines, 386
antibiotics, 366367, 401, 466467
anvil, 77
Apollo, 426
Appert, Nicolas, 247
Appian Way, 62
Apple Computer, 421
Appleton, Edward, 356
Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns
Hopkins University, 458
aqualung, 403404
Aqua Marcia, 18
Aqua Tepula, 19
aquavit, 106
aqueducts, 1819, 58, 94
Arabian horses, 40
Arabic alphabet, 18
Arabic numerical system, 86
Arab world, 86
astrolabes, 92
decimal numbers in, 103
painkillers in, 234
zero, concept of, 148
Arago, François Dominique Jean,
255, 258, 279, 280
arbalest, 35
arch, 1920, 62
Archer, Frederick Scott, 255
Archimedes, 2022
Archimedes (ship), 290
I
NDEX
Page numbers in boldface refer to entries.
11164 Carlisle_bindex.m.qxd 5/26/04 10:00 AM Page 481
COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL 482 Index
Archimedes principle, 2021
Archimedes screw, 2122, 102, 289
Arecibo radio telescope, 462, 463
argon, 353, 354
Argonaut (submarine), 382
Argonne National Laboratory, 449
Aristarchus of Samos, 114
Aristophanes, 70
Aristotle, 114, 115, 180
Arizona, USS, 332
Arkwright, Richard, 209
Arkwright water frame, 209
Armat, Thomas, 362
Armenia, 74
armor, 83
chain mail, 30, 83, 9798
plate, 30, 83, 97, 98
arms race, 398399
Armstrong, Edwin, 361, 372
Army Corps of Engineers, 342
ARPANET, 436
arquebus, 120
arthroscope, 425
artificial satellite, 356, 361,
404405, 410
Artists of Dionysius, 71
Ascent of Man, The (Brownowski),
92
asdic, 379
asha, 25
Aspdin, Joseph, 378
asphalt paving, 62, 236237
aspirin, 329330
Assayer, The (Galileo), 193
assembly line method, 239
asses, 38
Associated Press, 350
Assurbanipal, King, 4849
Assyrian Empire, 76
cuneiform system, 17
magnifying lenses in, 187
Aston, Francis, 356357
astratrium, 99
astrolabe, 85, 89, 9192, 132, 202
astronomy, 87, 201, 202, 208209,
214
Aswan High Dam, 36
Athens, theater in, 70, 71
atlas, 9293, 123
Atlas: or cosmological meditations
upon the creation of the
universe, and the universe it
created (Mercator), 93
Atomic and Electronic Age, 1935
into the 21st Century, 3, 4,
320, 325, 397479
chronology of inventions and
discoveries, chart of, 400401
overview, 397402
atomic energy, 374
atoms, 320, 325
Daltons classic theory of,
356357
AT&T, 372, 373, 445, 446
auditorium, 71
auger drills, 22
aulos, 131
Aurignacian phenomenon, 6768
Australia, 451
autogyro, 429
Automatic Hook and Eye Company,
396
automobile, 62, 159, 217, 237239,
267, 333, 366
battery, 243
Bourdon oil pressure gauge, 289
carburetor, 238, 268, 334335
drive chain, 30, 255
electric self-starter, 239
fuel cell and, 402, 42627
interchangeable parts and, 239,
267
internal combustion engine. See
internal combustion engine
pneumatic tire. See pneumatic
tire
social impact of, 319
steel in body of, 305
autopilot, 406407
Avery, William, 302
Avogadro, Amedeo, 240
Avogadros law, 240
ax, 22, 27, 77
axle, 73
Aztec metalworking, 53
Babbage, Charles, 227, 233234,
283, 412
Babylon, 31
Babylonia
algebra, 90
astrological system, 3637
beer in, 24
cities of, 32
dams in, 35
days of the week, 3637
plumbing in, 58
road surfacing in, 236
soap developed in, 65
Bach, Johann Christian, 195
Bacon, Francis, 151, 173, 200
Bacon, Francis T., 426
Bacon, Roger, 109, 113114
Bacterial Chromosome, The, 423
Baekeland, Leo Hendrik, 330
bagpipe, 131
Bain, Alexander, 350
Baird, John Logie, 387
Bakelite, 330
balance spring, 99100, 144,
156157, 166, 180, 194
Ballard, 427
ball bearings, 240241
ballista, 137
ballpoint pen, 306, 407408
Banting, Frederick G., 355
barbed wire, 148, 241242, 321
Bardeen, John, 470, 471
Barker, Robert, 254
barometer
mercury, 166, 176, 178,
186187, 213
water, 186
Barron, Robert, 183
baskets, 16, 2223, 68, 72
baths, public, 29, 58
Baths at Caracalla, 58
Batter, F. W., 337
battery, 242243
Battle Creek Sanitarium, 333, 334
battleship, 321, 325, 330332
Bausch & Lomb, 425
Bayer and Company, Friedrich, 329
Beauchamp, James, 447
Becquerel, Antoine Henri, 373, 374,
375
Bedorz, J. Georg, 384
beer, 24
Beginnings of Wheeled Transport,
The, 73
Beighton, Henry, 210
Belar, Herbert, 446
Belisarius, 144
Bell, Alexander Graham, 278, 287,
312314, 353
hearing aid and, 227, 353
Bell, Chichester A., 287
Bell-Beaker, 75
11164 Carlisle_bindex.m.qxd 5/26/04 10:00 AM Page 482 Index 483
Bell Labs, 409, 410, 414, 421, 442,
461, 471, 475
Benga, Bernadino, 91
Benjamin, H., 338
Benny, Jack, 325
Benussi, Vittorio, 358
Benz, Karl, 238, 334, 335
Berg, Paul, 428
Beria, Lavrenti, 450
beriberi, 393, 394
Berliner, Emile, 278, 287, 313
Bernoulli, Daniel, 157, 161, 201,
289
Bernoulli, Jakob, 157
Bernoulli, Johann, 157, 161
Bernoulli, Nicholas, 201
Bernoullis principle, 157, 327, 334,
430
Berthollet, Claude Louis, 167
Bertrand, Joseph, 263
Berzelius, Jöns Jakob, 367
Bessemer, Henry, 296, 304305
Bessemer process, 261, 296,
304305
Best, C. H., 355
Best Friend of Charleston, 301
Bevan, Edward John, 338
Bible, 30, 116, 122
Bich, Baron Marcel, 408
bicycle, 62, 236, 239, 243244,
267, 288
drive chain, 30, 244, 255
pneumatic tire. See pneumatic
tire
Bier, August K. G., 235
Bing Crosby Laboratories, 477
Binney, Edward, 251
Binnig, Gerd, 347
binomial theorem, 160
Birdseye, Clarence, 339
Biro, Ladislas and Georg, 306,
407408
birth control, 401, 453454
Birtwhistle, W. K., 418
Bissell, George H., 282
Black, Harold, 362
Black, Joseph, 161, 205
black box recorders, 387
blacksmiths, 30
Blackwell, Richard J., 179
Blériot, Louis, 328, 432
Bliss, Denys, 432
Bloch, Felix, 443
Bloch, Marc, 139
block printing, 124, 128, 129
blood
circulation of, 143, 169170,
189
red corpuscles of, 189, 196
Blucher steam engine, 299
board games, 2425
boat-keel design, 157
Bocks Car, 451
Bode, Johann Elert, 158, 218
Bodes law, 152, 157158
Boeing, 475
Bohr, Niels, 392
boiling water reactor, 449
Boltzmann, Ludwig, 244245
Boltzmann constant, 223, 244245
bombes, 444
Bonsack, James Albert, 250
books
engravings and illustration of,
85, 108
in the vernacular, 125
See also movable type; printing
ink; printing press
boosted weapon, 469
boozah, 24
boring mill, 158159, 266
Bottger, R. C., 276
Bouguer, Pierre, 205
Boulton, Matthew, 177
Boulton and Watt, 211, 225
bourbon, 106
Bourdon, Eugène, 288289
Bourgeoys, Marin le, 111
bow drill, 77
Boyer, Hubert, 428
Boyle, Charles, 189
Boyle, Robert, 150, 159, 166, 176,
195, 275
barometer and, 186, 187
vacuum pump and, 219
Boyle, Willard, 409
Boyles law, 159, 166, 170
Bradley, James, 207208
Bragg, William Henry and William
Lawren