TELECOMMUNICATIONS NETWORK STANDARDS AND GUIDELINES TELECOMMUNICATIONS NETWORK STANDARDS AND GUIDELINES FOR THE NEW ADMINISTRATION BULDING October 1998 TELECOMMUNICATIONS NETWORK STANDARDS AND GUIDELINES Table of Contents
SECTION I: New Construction Programming 1.0 New Construction 1.1 Design Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1.1 Spaces .................................. 1.1.2 Pathways .................................. 1.1.3 Telecommunication Spaces .................... 1.1.3.1 Service Entrance Room . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1.3.2 Equipment Room . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1.3.3 Telecommunication Closet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1.4 Telecommunications Pathway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1.4.1 Interbuilding Distribution System . . . . . . . . . . 1.1.4.2 Intra-building Backbone (Riser) . . . . . . . . . . 1.1.5 Horizontal Cabling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1.5.1 Station Outlet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2 Design Issues 1.2.1 Office Spaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2.2 Conference Rooms ........................... Summary .................................. 1-1 1-1 1-1 1-2 1-2 1-3 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-5 1-5 1-6 1-6 1-6 1-7 1.3 SECTION II: Infrastructure and Pathways Details
2.0 Infrastructure Details 2.1 Telecommunications Spaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1.1 Building Service entrance ......................... 2.1.1.1 Space Design ......................... 2.1.2 Equipment Room .............................. 2.1.2.1 Space Design ......................... 2.1.3 Telecommunications Closet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1.3.1 Space Design ......................... 2.2 Telecommunications Pathways . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2.1 Conduit and Manhole System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2.2 Intra-building Backbone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2.3 Sizing ..................................... 2.2.4 Design ..................................... 2.2.5 Horizontal Pathways . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2.6 Cable Tray ..................................... 2.2.7 Station Outlets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2.8 Faceplates ................................... 2.2.9 Surface Mount Boxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Appendix A Service Entrance & Equipment Room layouts . . . . . . . . . . . Appendix B Telecommunications Closet layout ................... Appendix C Flow-Fill non-shrink Backfill ........................ 2-1 2-1 2-1 2-3 2-3 2-5 2-5 2-7 2-8 2-9 2-9 2-10 2-10 2-10 2-11 2-13 2-13 2-14 2-15 2-16 TELECOMMUNICATIONS NETWORK STANDARDS AND GUIDELINES Appendix D Appendix E Pull Box Sizing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Station Labeling ................................. 2-17 2-18 SECTION III: Wire, Cable, & Support Systems
3.0 3.1 Wire, Cable, and Support Systems .............................. 3-1 3-2 3-3 3-3 3-4 3-4 3-5 3-5 3-5 3-5 3-6 3-7 Copper Cable Systems .................................... 3.1.1 Station Cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1.2 Station Jacks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1.3 Riser Cable .......................................... 3.1.4 Inter-building Cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1.5 Cable Routing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1.6 Cable Termination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1.6.1 Blocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1.6.2 Modular Patch Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1.7 Cable Protection ....................................... 3.1.8 Splice Cases .......................................... Fiber Optic Cable Systems 3.2.2 Fiber Riser Cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2.3 Inter-building Fiber Cable ............................... 3.2.4 Fiber Optic Patch Panels ............................... 3.2.5 Fiber Optic Interconnect Centers, Panels and Trays ........... 3.2.5.1 Wall Mount ................................. 3.2.5.2 Rack Mounted High Density Fiber Interconnect Center . . . 3.2.5.3 Rack Mounted Low Profile Fiber Connect Panel ...... 3.2.5.4 Rack Mounted Fiber Tray ....................... Cross Connect Wire and Patch Cords 3.3.1 Cross Connect Wire .................................... 3.3.2 Patch Cords ....................................... 3.3.2.1 Modular patch Cords: Category 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3.2.2 110 patch Cords: Category 5 ................... 3.3.2.3 Modular Patch Cords: Category 5 .............. 3.3.2.4 Fiber patch Cords (Jumpers) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Coaxial Cable Systems ....................................... 3.4.1 Inter-building Cable .................................... 3.4.2 Riser Cable ....................................... 3.4.3 Station Cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2 3-7 3-8 3-8 3-9 3-9 3-10 3-10 3-10 3.3 3-11 3-11 3-11 3-12 3-12 3-12 3-13 3-14 3-14 3-14 3.4 SECTION IV: Planning & Design
4.0 Design Process 4.1 Construction process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2 Planning ­ Form A .................................... 4.3 Procurement Specifications .............................. 4.3.1 Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1 4-2 4-3 4-3 TELECOMMUNICATIONS NETWORK STANDARDS AND GUIDELINES 4.3.1.1 4.3.1.2 4.3.1.3 Cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Copper and Fiber Hardware ............. Video Distribution System ................ 4-3 4-6 4-8 SECTION V: Installation and Acceptance Testing
5.0 Installation 5.0.1 Installation of Station Cables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.0.2 Installation of Copper Riser Cables ...................... 5.0.3 Installation of Station/Riser/Tile cable Jumper Wires ........... 5.0.4 Installation of Inter-building Copper Cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.0.5 Installation of Copper Cable Splices ....................... 5.0.6 Installation of Innerduct . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.0.7 Installation of Inter-building Fiber Optic Cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.0.8 Installation of Fiber Optic Riser Cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.0.9 Conduit Trenching, Backfill, and Driveway Restoral ........... 5.0.10 Installation Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.0.11 Acceptance Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.0.12 Documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Acceptance Testing 5.1.1 Inspection Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.1.2 Acceptance Testing Procedures .......................... 5.1.2.1 Copper station and Riser Cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.1.2.2 Fiber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.1.2.3 Video Distribution System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Documentation ............................................ 5-1 5-2 5-2 5-2 5-2 5-3 5-3 5-3 5-4 5-4 5-4 5-4 5.1 5-5 5-5 5-6 5-7 5-8 5-10 5.2 SECTION VI: Hardware Specifications and Installation
6.0 Hardware Specifications and Installation 6.0.1 Fiber Serviced Building 6.0.1.1 Ethernet Switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.0.1.2 Hubs ......................................... 6.0.1.3 Phones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.0.1.4 Other Voice Services ........................... 6.0.1.5 Disaster Recovery (Minor/Major Scenarios) ........ 6-1 6-1 6-1 6-2 6-2 TELECOMMUNICATIONS NETWORK STANDARDS AND GUIDELINES SECTION I: NEW CONSTRUCTION PROGRAMMING 1.0 NEW CONSTRUCTION
This section identifies the major components of a telecommunications distribution system and provides general guidelines for architects and facility planners. The material contained in this section is designed to assist in the program planning for new construction and remodeling projects. Its focus is on space planning and development of an understanding of the structural components necessary for a telecommunications distribution system. This section should be used in conjunction with Section 3, Infrastructure & Pathways Details, which contains greater detail on each of the major structure components in order to prepare actual working designs. 1.1 DESIGN ELEMENTS
There are two major aspects of a good telecommunications distribution design: spaces, and pathways. Each of these two aspects consists of multiple components as defined below: 1.1.1 Spaces Building Service Entrance - The room in which voice, data, and video distribution media systems enter the building. Equipment Room - The space allocated to housing (and supporting) telecommunications systems which will service the building, such as a PBX, backbone network equipment, and/or video transmission equipment. Telecommunication Closet - The space or spaces on each floor of a building which are utilized to interconnect the Building Backbone (Riser) system to station (user) locations on a given floor and house local (department-based) electronic equipment. 1.1.2 Pathways Interbuilding Distribution System - The conduit, tunnel system, or buried media support structures between buildings. Building Backbone (Riser) - The pathways which connect all telecommunications rooms and spaces throughout an individual building. Horizontal Pathways - The pathways from the Telecommunication Closet to the station (user) locations on a given floor. Station Outlet - The ultimate termination of a voice, data, video, or signal circuit. The building design must address each of the above areas as a service or a component of an entire system. Problems occur when designs focus on only one or two of the components and do not consider how the entire building's distribution system will be TELECOMMUNICATIONS NETWORK STANDARDS AND GUIDELINES utilized. For example, it is not enough to provide a cable tray in the building design; the tray must be of a usable type, be properly installed, be routed to the best advantage of the cable, and be interconnected with the Telecommunication Closets. Examples of potential problems include cable tray designs with lids that cannot be opened, HVAC and water pipes in and through the tray, trays over fixed ceilings, and Telecommunication Closets which are separated from the tray by a fire-rated wall (without a pathway.) Avoid designing a building in which the cable installer will be required to drill holes in walls and place sleeves through fire partitions. While technology will change between the time of the initial architectural planning and building occupancy, the infrastructure (pathways and spaces) will be in place for the life of the building and must be capable of supporting multiple changes in technology. 1.1.3 Telecommunications Spaces The term "telecommunications spaces" refers not only to specific rooms but in some cases to space dedicated to telecommunications services in a room designated for other uses. There are three main categories of spaces as previously defined: Service Entrance, Equipment Room, and the Telecommunication Closet. Each area has a distinct function; however, all are very inter-dependent. In some cases a single space can fulfill the function of all three spaces; however, it must be emphasized that the size and environmental support requirements are additive. If a building requires 150 square feet for an equipment room, 50 feet cannot be provided by space designated as a service entrance. 1.1.3.1 Service Entrance Room The Service Entrance is a room in which outside cable is terminated and interconnected with the backbone (data and/or voice) cable used throughout the building. It provides facilities for large splice containers, cable termination mountings, and possibly electrical protectors. This space is in addition to any space required for network switching equipment or active system components. This space should be located on a lower level and within 50 feet of an outside wall, allowing direct access by the entrance conduit. Consideration should be given to locating this space adjacent to any equipment rooms or backbone (riser) spaces, which might be required. Although two or even all three of these functions can be combined in a single space, adequate wall space must be provided. Design and location of room should also take into consideration the route and placement of the City's fiber/copper backbone connecting buildings. The Service Entrance room must be dry, not subject to flooding, and free of overhead water, steam, or drain pipes. Access to the room should be provided directly from a central hallway, not through another room. The Service Entrance room must be a dedicated, enclosed room. TELECOMMUNICATIONS NETWORK STANDARDS AND GUIDELINES The minimum floor space requirements are five (5) feet by seven (7) feet. 1.1.3.2 Equipment Room The equipment room is the central space used to house telecommunications equipment intended to service users throughout the building. The equipment room should be located near the service entrance room as well as the vertical backbone distribution pathways. The assigned space should be located to allow for future expansion and where access to the space from outside can be provided for large equipment (direct hallway access or direct outside access). Locations which might be subject to flooding, electrical interference, or other hazards should be avoided. The minimum floor space requirements are ten (10) feet by fifteen (15) feet. The final room sizing must take into consideration issues such as; the need for auxiliary power (UPS/batteries), local requirements for a separate battery room, HVAC equipment, and any known special needs when determining actual floor space. Although the equipment room may incorporate the space requirements of the Building Service Entrance (by increasing the size of the room), it must be designed as a true equipment room in terms of its support environment. A full office environment air handling system is an absolute minimum requirement. This room will house sensitive electronic components, which will generate heat 24 hours a day, 365 days a year and must be cooled to maintain operating performance. The optimum temperature is 68 (F) degrees. The air handling system for equipment rooms must be designed to provide positive air flow and cooling even during times when the main building systems are shut down. This may require separate air handlers and/or small stand-alone cooling systems. If this room is to be used as a central communications hub, the air handling system should be connected to the buildings backup power generation system. The room should have it's own cooling unit, own backup power unit, and own power circuit. This room should be located near the Service Entrance Room and must have adequate access from outside the building to allow for the placement of large equipment frames. The room must be equipped with ceiling space with a minimum of water pipes, air conditioning ducts, or other utilities crossing through. It should not be equipped with a false ceiling. Do not equip the equipment room with a drop tile other false ceiling. TELECOMMUNICATIONS NETWORK STANDARDS AND GUIDELINES 1.1.3.3. Telecommunication Closet The telecommunication closet is the space that supports the cable and equipment necessary for transmission between the building's backbone system and user (station) locations. This room was formally known as a "telephone closet"; a term that is very misleading. Although that term is still in use today within the construction industry and in some telecommunications standards documentation, the City has adopted the more descriptive "Telecommunication Closet". This space is called upon to terminate not only the cable from station outlets and backbone (riser) systems, but is also expected to house and support local area network equipment, multiplexing equipment, video distribution equipment, and system monitoring components. Individual departments frequently need to install components in these spaces to support advanced workstations or local computing needs. Space for such equipment is frequently not designed into office space, and the hardware is more cost effectively connected within the closet compared to its placement in user spaces. In addition to the actual floor space needs, the cost of the advanced electronics required to support technology today should be taken into consideration when planning for these spaces. If multiple rooms on a single floor are being considered because it is difficult to find a central space, the costs of installing and operating additional data hubs should be weighed against the additional construction costs required to locate the room near the center of the building. These rooms must be stacked and should be centrally located within the building reducing the distance from the room to all user locations. The Telecommunication Closet(s) serving an individual floor must be of sufficient size to support an extensive list of voice, data, and video equipment. This room must be dedicated to telecommunications and must be at least five (5) feet by Seven (7) feet in size. 1.1.4 Telecommunications Pathways Pathways refer to the facilities and supporting structures used to transport telecommunications media from one location to another. It is important to think in terms of pathways as more than simply conduit in order to properly design these portions of the distribution system. 1.1.4.1 Interbuilding Distribution System The designer must consider where the distribution system originates and determine what is required to make it meet the needs of the new construction. The City has 12 strands of dark fiber and 100 pair copper cable sitting in a vault in the North-west corner of LaPorte and Howes. Both of these media will need to be taken to the new Administration Building and terminated. TELECOMMUNICATIONS NETWORK STANDARDS AND GUIDELINES Although most design projects for individual City buildings do not specifically address communications outside the building, care must be taken in developing plans for making connections to these resources. In some cases, a separate construction and/or installation contract might be required to provide adequate pathways up to the point at which the building project can be interconnected. 1.1.4.2 Intra-Building Backbone (Riser) In general this is the path used for placement of telecommunications media between the Service Entrance, Equipment Rooms, Telecommunication Closets, and Station Outlets. These pathways must typically support copper, fiber optic, and coaxial cables serving equipment and will be cross-connected to end-users located on each floor of the building. 1.1.5 Horizontal Cabling The horizontal pathways between the Telecommunication Closet and the station outlet locations receive the heaviest usage and the most complaints of any component of a telecommunications distribution system. It is an area with a significant number of alternatives and one which frequently falls victim to budget cuts. When working on this issue, the building designer should identify methods for placing and supporting both the initial station cable and future cable additions. Cable trays installed over fixed ceilings are worthless once the ceiling is complete. Trays which require an installer to manipulate and open a lid every three to four feet, in order to place cable, will not be used once the initial installation is complete. Floor trench, duct systems, and raised floors do not stand up well to floor care services and inevitability foster broken tiles, missing screws, and flooded ducts. Dedicated conduit runs and floor mount poke through are expensive and very inflexible in meeting the changing demands of instructional technology. Our preferred horizontal distribution method is a flexible cable tray used in conjunction with plenum cable in the false ceiling. Every Telecommunication Closet must provide a minimum of twice the amount of horizontal pathway access as is required to support the initial installation. A closet, which is served by four (4) four-inch backbone conduits, should not be equipped with a single two-inch horizontal pathway conduit. Any outlet separated from the main horizontal support system (such as a tray) by a fire or smoke partition must be provided a rated pathway such as a sleeve, which can be fire-stopped after cable is installed, or an enclosed conduit or raceway directly from the outlet to the tray side of the partition. Every room must be designed with a specific pathway from the false ceiling area used to access user locations to the main horizontal distribution pathway (such as the cable tray.) TELECOMMUNICATIONS NETWORK STANDARDS AND GUIDELINES 1.1.5.1 Station Outlet The station outlet will ultimately be configured to serve a variety of different telecommunications needs. An outlet which today may only require a voice connection may easily require multi-media data and video by the time the building construction is complete. The prime point to remember about the station outlet is the need to design outlet locations for future needs, not just today's applications. If they are not initially required, they can be capped and used at a later time. By paying attention to potential telecommunications locations and the route by which they are served, the designer can save significant time and future costs from later attempts to meet changing needs. Station conduit will be a minimum of one-half inch, and is to be stubbed into the ceiling space. 1.2 DESIGN ISSUES
In addition to the Telecommunications Industry space and pathway issues, there are a variety of environment-specific issues that must be factored into the design of a new facility. Significant changes are taking place in how information is being delivered and that is reflected by fundamental changes in information system-related infrastructure requirements. New facilities simply cannot be designed using formula and criteria developed twenty years ago. This subsection provides an overview of the minimum telecommunications infrastructure requirements in specific areas of new construction. It is intended to be used during program planning. Please refer to Section III, Infrastructure and Pathway Details for a more in-depth look at individual specifications. 1.2.1 Office Spaces Office spaces range from the standard one-person space to multi-room office suites, and all need to be suitability equipped to access various City telecommunication resources. All offices must be designed to support multiple voice and data outlets situated to allow changes in furniture layouts. All offices must be equipped with a minimum of two (2) duplex communication outlets, preferably on opposite walls and near electrical outlets. Larger offices and open suite areas should have multiple communication outlets, two per 75 square feet. Selected staff and office locations should be provided an additional video outlet. 1.2.2 Conference Rooms Smaller conference rooms should be equipped with a two (2) duplex communication outlets (voice/data outlet) on walls, and a minimum of two (2) video outlets on opposite walls. Larger conference rooms should be equipped as follows: TELECOMMUNICATIONS NETWORK STANDARDS AND GUIDELINES · · · Rooms longer than twelve (12) feet should be equipped with one or more floor outlet boxes which provide power and three signal pathways. One signal pathway is for connection to a building network, another is for voice equipment, and the third for video. Separate lighting controls should be provided to provide task lighting and a switch-activated power outlet. The walls should contain additional sound proofing material to reduce outside noise. The building should be equipped with a conference room, configured for use as a tele-conferencing and/or video-conferencing room. This will require additional acoustic material on the walls, storage space for equipment, and enhanced power and lighting controls. 1.3 SUMMARY
There is no such thing as a "perfect" telecommunications distribution design. Building planners can, however, provide a significantly improved design, with minimal cost impacts, by keeping the following in mind: · · Telecommunications pathways and spaces are designed for the life of the building, not a specific system or technology. Much of the ongoing costs involved with maintaining telecommunications systems is in the placement and rearrangement of cable and wire. The designer must ensure that the City staff can easily reconfigure the cables as telecommunication needs change over time. TELECOMMUNICATIONS NETWORK STANDARDS AND GUIDELINES SECTION II - INFRASTRUCTURE AND PATHWAYS DETAILS
2.0 INFRASTRUCTURE DETAILS
This section provides detailed information regarding the design of telecommunications pathways and spaces in new construction and facility remodel projects. It is intended to be used by architects and their sub-consultants during the detailed design phase of a project in the preparation of specifications and working drawings and by telecommunications and facility planning staff as a checklist for construction design projects. This section outlines various sizing and selection criteria, provides sample configurations and "typical" drawings, documents various construction-related specifications, and highlights recommendations for improving the methods used to address telecommunications issues. 2.1 TELECOMMUNICATIONS SPACES
Telecommunications spaces include the rooms and facilities required to bring cable into the building, house specialized equipment, and terminate user-level facilities. It consists of the Building Service Entrance, an Equipment Room, and the Telecommunication Closets. It is very important to understand the requirements for all three types of spaces. The City's use of information and telecommunications technology depends, in a large part, upon its ability to cost effectively distribute such services. This subsection defines the minimum space requirements for all new and remodeled facilities. 2.1.1 Building Service Entrance The building service entrance space provides a location in which to terminate cables entering the building and interconnect them with internal building cables. In buildings without a dedicated equipment room, it also provides support for the electronic components utilized to distribute the telecommunication systems. It must provide sufficient room and structural additions to support the installation of a variety of cables, locations for splice cases and electrical protectors, and possibly network interface devices. 2.1.1.1 Space Design The entrance room or space must contain the following support items: · Three of the four walls are to be covered with 3/4 inch A-C plywood, painted with WHITE fire-retardant paint (not fire-retardant plywood unless required by local fire codes), mounted vertically starting 6" above the finished floor, and secured to the walls. All plywood panels must be mounted in contact with one another leaving no gaps between sheets. TELECOMMUNICATIONS NETWORK STANDARDS AND GUIDELINES · Sufficient overhead lights shall be installed to provide a minimum of 540 lux (50 foot candles) illumination measured 3 feet above the finished floor. These lights must be separately switched (within the room) and must be mounted a minimum of 8.5 feet above the finished floor. The door to the room must be a minimum of 36" wide by 6'6" high and must be equipped with a separate lock. The lock will be keyed to the level of the City's Grand Master. Door will open outward. An electrical ground (as defined by local codes) must be provided on a six-inch bus bar mounted six inches above the finished floor. This grounding bar should be connected to either building steel (main building ground electrode), a separate concrete-encased electrode, or a buried ring ground with a 00 copper wire using a short feed to actual ground. NOTE: The NEC stipulates that communications cable shields be grounded as close as possible to the entrance into the building (NEC Article 800-4). A minimum of two 20 Amp, 110 volt AC quad electrical outlets, each on separate circuits, shall be installed on every wall of the entrance room. One of these dedicated circuits must be located six feet above the finished floor located behind the area designated for the equipment rack. All conduits entering the building from outside shall be plugged with reusable stoppers to eliminate the entrance of water or gases into the entrance room. All conduits leaving the entrance room for other portions of the building will be fire-stopped after the installation of cable. If the building is not equipped with a separate equipment room and the service entrance is used for that function also, the room must be equipped with a constant positive air flow sufficient to provide a minimum of two air changes an hour. It must also be equipped with a separately controlled HVAC capable of maintaining an office environment temperature. (See equipment room specifications for additional details.) If this room will be used only as a Service Entrance Room, and not double as an Equipment Room, there no special air handling is required beyond that provided in a standard office of equivalent size. The floor of the entrance room must be with anti-static vinyl compositional tile. Tile should be a light color. The floor structure should support a minimum of 200 lbs. per square foot loading capability. · · · · · · TELECOMMUNICATIONS NETWORK STANDARDS AND GUIDELINES · If additional equipment, such as fire alarm panels and/or building monitoring equipment, is housed in the entrance room, additional space and plywood backboards must be provided for such equipment. In no event should such equipment be mounted in the center of a wall or directly over entrance or riser conduits. Location of these devices are to be discussed with the City's Telecommunication Staff prior to installation. Do not install a suspended acoustical tile or other false ceiling. See Appendix A, within this section, for generic layout of the service building entrance. · · 2.1.2 Equipment Room The equipment room is the space used to house telecommunications equipment intended to service users throughout the building. If the building design incorporates the entrance space with the equipment room, the space and support requirements for each function must be included in the final room design. If there are differences in specifications, such as the fire suppression system and HVAC requirements, the more stringent must be utilized. 2.1.2.1 Space design The specific components that should be designed into an average equipment room are: · Two of the four walls are to be covered with 3/4 inch A-C plywood, painted with WHITE fire-retardant paint (not fire-retardant plywood unless required by local fire codes), mounted vertically starting 6" above the finished floor, and secured to the walls. All plywood panels must be mounted in contact with one another leaving no gaps between sheets. Limit the possibility of flooding by not placing any water or drainage pipes directly over the room, configuring the surrounding floor area to drain accidental leaks before the equipment room becomes involved, or installing a floor drain if the danger of water entrance cannot be overcome in any other way. In addition, tray covers should be placed above the equipment in case of water leaks. Trays should provide a path for getting water to the floor drain, while not coming in contact with any of the equipment. Trays should be aluminum. Utilize a pre-action fire suppression system for coverage of this space. This should be linked to the equipment electrical panel to disconnect power in the event of system activation. The Equipment Room must support an average floor loading of 200 lbs. per square foot. Specialized services, such as major UPS systems and batteries, may require floor loading of over 400 · · · TELECOMMUNICATIONS NETWORK STANDARDS AND GUIDELINES lbs. per square foot over a specified area and must be coordinated between City and architectural staff. The floor must be tiled with anti-static tile to reduce airborne contaminates. Tile color should be light in color. If raised flooring is used, it must be crossed braced, and drilled anchors must be utilized to fix the pedestals to the structure's floor. This is required in order to permit the installation of equipment cabinets and racks up to eight feet tall while limiting the potential for damage during a seismic event. The raised floor must also be designed to support a minimum load of 200 lbs. per square foot. · The equipment room shall be situated so as to reduce the potential for electromagnetic interference to 3.0 V/m throughout the frequency spectrum. Consideration should be given to not locating the equipment room near power supply transformers, motors and generators, x-ray equipment, and radio transmitters. Entrance doors must be a minimum of 36 inches wide by 6'6" tall. Consideration should be given to utilizing double doors on larger size rooms. Door will have a lock, and lock will be keyed to the City's Grand Master key. Door(s) will open outward. Sufficient heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC) sensors and control equipment must be installed to provide a constant environment for this space. For this type of environment, it is important to note that some of our equipment can only function in an environment that is between 60 and 72, with 20 to 80 percent relative humidity. Anything outside of that range will cause damage to those units. The maximum change in temperature must not vary more than 8 degrees (F), and humidity should not vary more than 20 percent. The design target is a continuous operating temperature between 60 and 72 degrees with 20 to 80 percent relative humidity. Optimum temperature is 64 degrees. The equipment housed in this space will continue to generate heat 24 hours a day, 365 days a year regardless of usage, and the room must be equipped with additional air handling equipment in order to maintain the environment in the event the main building system is shut down. The room air handling system should be linked to the building's emergency power source as a further backup. · This room should be equipped with a pre-action fire suppression system with high temperature thermal links and cage enclosed heads. A system control link should be provided in order to cut power to the equipment in the event water is discharged from the system. Drainage must be provided to limit the potential of flooding or equipment damage. · · TELECOMMUNICATIONS NETWORK STANDARDS AND GUIDELINES · Additional equipment such as fire alarm panels and/or building monitoring equipment should not be housed in the equipment room. However, if conditions mandate such equipment be co-located with telecommunications, additional space and plywood backboards must be provided for such equipment. In no event should such equipment be mounted in the center of a wall or directly over the entrance or riser conduits. Location of these devices are to be discussed with the City's Telecommunication Staff prior to installation. Lighting shall be installed to provide a minimum of 50 foot candles illumination measured 3 feet above the finished floor. Light fixtures should be mounted a minimum of 8.5 feet above the floor and should be located in the middle of aisles between frames or cabinets. Equipment rooms should be equipped with emergency backup lighting sufficient to allow a technician to service the system during a power failure. A minimum of four 20 Amp, 110 volt AC quad electrical outlets, each on separate circuits with isolated grounds to the breaker box, shall be installed in the equipment room. One of these dedicated circuits must be located six feet above the finished floor located behind the area designated for the equipment rack. In addition, the room shall be equipped with auxiliary duplex outlets placed 6" above the finished floor, at six foot intervals around the perimeter walls. A maximum of four of the auxiliary outlets may occupy a single branch circuit. An isolated electrical ground (as defined by Article 250-74 of the NEC) must be provided on a six-inch bus bar mounted six inches above the finished floor. This grounding bar should be connected to either building steel (main building ground electrode), power service ground, a separate concrete-encased electrode, or a buried ring ground with a 00 copper wire. If batteries are to be used, the type specified is a Gel cell battery. Additional ventilation, acid dams, and floor load bracing may be required. Local codes may require batteries to be housed in a separate room adjacent to the equipment room. Batteries are to be enclosed, yet easily accessible for maintenance purposes. See Appendix A, in this section, for generic layout of the Equipment Room. · · · · · 2.1.3 Telecommunications Closet The telecommunications Telecommunication Closet on each floor serves not only as part of the vertical pathway system on a multi-story building, but it also must support all station cabling and cross-connects, user and department-specific TELECOMMUNICATIONS NETWORK STANDARDS AND GUIDELINES electronics, and specialized distribution equipment such as local area network hubs and fiber optic multi-plexors. These rooms will have frequent access by technicians installing and maintaining various network services and must be sized and equipped to meet this demanding role. As one of the primary focal points for all communication services, the Telecommunication Closet must be designed as an integral part of the overall building. It cannot be "fit in" wherever there is room left over after all other spaces have been defined; it must be identified as a fixed location similar to an elevator, mechanical shaft, or electrical room. These rooms must be sized to accommodate the City's needs. Access to these rooms should be directly from hallways, not through offices, or mechanical spaces. 2.1.3.1 Space Design The Telecommunications Close or space must contain the following support items: · Each floor's Telecommunication Closet should be centrally located within the building and must be stacked one above the other in this multi-floor building. The Telecommunication Closet must be located within 290 cable feet of the farthest outlet location and should be designed to provide an average distance of 150 feet. Cable feet distance is defined as the total distance of the route the actual station cable must follow, both horizontally and vertically, between the Telecommunication Closet and the outlet location. An additional room is required if this distance is exceeded. The average distance between the uesr outlets and the Telecommunications Closet should be in the 100 to 150 foot range. If the building requires two or more rooms on every floor, each series of rooms must be stacked one above the other. The Telecommunication Closets must be located directly above one another in this multiple story building. If the entire space cannot be located in-line, provide at a minimum, space for the in-line placement of backbone (riser) conduit. Multiple rooms located on the same floor must be interconnected with conduits. See backbone pathway subsection for number and type. These rooms must be dedicated to the exclusive use of telecommunications equipment to provide proper environment and security. They cannot occupy partial spaces within mechanical or electrical rooms. In many cases faculty, staff, and even students need access to the Telecommunication Closets and adequate safeguards cannot be provided in shared use environments. · · · · TELECOMMUNICATIONS NETWORK STANDARDS AND GUIDELINES · The environment of these rooms shall be equal to or better than a normal office (positive 24 hour air flow cooling, sealed or vinyl compositional tile floor - no carpet). · The Telecommunication Closet must support an average floor loading of 100 lb. per square foot. The floor must be covered with anti-static tile, light in color, to reduce airborne contaminates. The Telecommunication Closet shall be situated so as to reduce the potential for electromagnetic interference to 3.0 V/m throughout the frequency spectrum. Entrance doors must be a minimum of 36 inches wide by 6'6" tall and must open outward. Door will have a lock, and be keyed to the City's Grand Master. Sufficient heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC) sensors and control equipment must be installed to provide a constant environment for this space. Unless specific requirements otherwise dictate, the room environment should approximate an office and the engineer should assume a 3,500 BTU load from installed equipment. In addition, a passive heat exchange must be designed into the space to reduce overheating of equipment during times of building HVAC shut-down. Additional equipment, such as fire alarm panels and/or building monitoring equipment, should not be housed in the Telecommunication Closet. However, if design constraints mandate joint usage of this space, additional floor space and plywood backboards must be provided for such equipment. In no event should such additional equipment be mounted in the center of a wall or directly over entrance or riser conduits. Location of these devices are to be discussed with the City's Telecommunication Staff prior to installation. Lighting shall be installed to provide a minimum of 50 foot candles illumination measured 3 feet above the finished floor. Light fixtures should be mounted a minimum of 8.5 feet above the floor. A minimum of two 20 Amp, 110 volt AC quad electrical outlets, each on separate circuits (individual branch circuits) with isolated grounds to the breaker box, shall be installed in each Telecommunication Closet. One of these dedicated circuits must be located six feet above the finished floor located behind the area designated for the equipment rack. In addition, the room shall be equipped with auxiliary duplex outlets placed six inches (6") above the finished floor, at six foot intervals around the perimeter walls. · · · · · · TELECOMMUNICATIONS NETWORK STANDARDS AND GUIDELINES · An isolated electrical ground (as defined by Article 250-74 of the NEC) must be provided on a four-inch bus bar mounted six inches above the finished floor near, but not behind, the riser conduit. This grounding bar should be connected to either building steel (main building ground electrode), a separate concrete-encased electrode, or a buried ring ground with a 00 copper wire and must be common to all Telecommunication Closets and the equipment room. The Telecommunication Closet must not be equipped with a suspended acoustical or other false ceiling. One wall must be covered with ¾-inch A-C plywood, painted with WHITE fire-retardant paint (not fire-retardant plywood unless required by local design codes), mounted vertically starting six inches (6") above the finished floor, and secured to the wall. All plywood panels must be mounted in contact with one another leaving no gaps between sheets. See Appendix B, in this section, for generic layout of the Telecommunications Closet. · · · 2.2 TELECOMMUNICATIONS PATHWAYS
Telecommunications pathways include the inter-building conduit and manholes used to transport cables between buildings and the conduit and cable trays used to distribute cable within a building. These pathways must be designed as a specific part of an overall telecommunications infrastructure plan, not as a system or technology-specific component. 2.2.1 Conduit and Manhole System · Conduits should generally be schedule 40 PVC or, if concrete encased, type C signal conduit with a four-inch (4") internal diameter. Conduit runs should be made in large straight sections utilizing wide (40 foot or more) sweeps rather than ninety degree bends. If ninety degree bends cannot be avoided, they should be located at either end of the conduit run (not in the center of a long run) and must not have less than a 12 1/2 foot radius. · All conduits should be buried a minimum of 24 inches below grade. The trench must be back-filled with Flow-fill non-shrink backfill. See Appendix C, in this section, for a detailed description of this material. The entrance conduits must be designed to allow the placement of various types of cables including large copper cables, fiber optic cable (within innerduct), and coaxial cables. · TELECOMMUNICATIONS NETWORK STANDARDS AND GUIDELINES · · · At a minimum, four (4) four-inch conduits are required to service this building. All conduits shall be fitted with a collar or bell end to limit damage to the cable during pulling. The entrance conduits must be designed to allow the placement of various types of cables including large copper cables, fiber optic cable (within innerduct), and coaxial cables. Utility vaults, if needed, must be situated to allow the conduit to enter the building with no more than two (2) ninety degree bends. Vault dimensions; Vaults will be acquired from City of Fort Collins, Light & Power Department via CITEL. The vaults that are to be used are the fiberglass vaults as follows: V - Small oval vault - 6 foot by 3 foot HV - Large hand vault - 24 inch by 36 inch SHV - Small hand vault - 12 inch by 18 inch Vaults will be labeled as follows: Vault identifier-Street name/locationdirection from CHW. Example V-HOW-E1 V - meaning 6 x3 foot vault HOW - vault is on Howes Street E1 - is the first vault to the East · · · Conduit labeling: Conduits are to be numbered from left to right in rows from top to bottom. Conduits will be labeled with direction and conduit number. For example if the vault has 4 conduits entering the vault from the West, the labeling would be W1 through W4. The vault labeling scheme will continue with the conduits as follows: W1- meaning the first conduit leaving to the West · Inter-duct specs: Inter-ducts should be Orange in color and one inch in diameter to allow for four (4) one inch inter-ducts to be placed in each four inch conduit. The inter-ducts will be labeled starting with I1 through the total number of inter-ducts that will fit in the conduit size. For example I1 through I4 for a four inch conduit. The vault labeling scheme will continue with the inter-ducts as follows: I1 - meaning the inter-duct labeled number 1 Vaults, conduits, and inter-ducts will be labeled as follows: Vault identifierStreet name/location-direction from CHW- conduit number and directioninterduct number. TELECOMMUNICATIONS NETWORK STANDARDS AND GUIDELINES Example V-HOW-E1-W1-I1 V - meaning 6 x3 foot vault HOW - vault is on Howes Street E1 - is the first vault to the East W1- meaning the first conduit leaving to the West I1 - meaning the inter-duct labeled number 1 2.2.2 Intra-building Backbone The intra-building backbone pathways connect the entrance room, equipment room, and all Telecommunication Closets in a given structure. It consists of conduit, sleeves, and trays. The designer should be aware that open cable trays are not an option for supporting large copper cables from the entrance room to the equipment room or to the telecommunication closet if the ceiling space will be a plenum. While many systems use fiber optic and/or coaxial cable which can be purchased with plenum-rated sheaths, the large copper cables used to support much of today's voice telephone services are generally sized to meet the building's requirements. General requirements are as follows: · pathways shall be designed and installed to meet applicable local and national building and electrical codes or regulations · Grounding/earthing and bonding of pathways shall comply with applicable codes and regulations · pathways shall not have exposed sharp edges that may come into contact with telecommunications cables · the number of cables placed in a pathway shall not exceed manufacturer specifications, nor will the geometric shape of a cable be affected. · pathways shall not be located in elevator shafts. · All backbone conduits and sleeves must be four (4) inches in diameter. · Pathways must be desi