CATALOGUE of PUBLICATIONS
01/18/2006 Contents The catalogue lists the publications which can be purchased from CIGRE, by both members and non members. There are other documents, which are available for CIGRE members only. In the Catalogue are listed the following: -The CIGRE Technical Brochures, which are comprehensive technical reports issued by CIGRE Study Committees. They are usually available in hard copy and electronic format, unless otherwise stated. -The sets of papers or discussion contributions from the most recent CIGRE Sessions and Symposia. A set of 4 CDs in which are recorded the contents of ELECTRA from 1967 to 2000. For each item in the Catalogue a short presentation of the contents is given, as well as the selling price and some details such as number of pages, file size... Structure of the Catalogue Documents in the Catalogue are in four categories. Table of Contents There is a table of contents at the beginning of the Catalogue, with a total of 22 lines (19 for the Technical Brochures, 1 for the Sessions, 1 for Symposia and 1 for ELECTRA). A hyperlink gives direct access to the related part of the catalogue, to facilitate the search. Technical Brochures Within the overall area covered by CIGRE Study Committees (numbered A to D), brochures are listed under the different fields of interest of the SCs, but a number of brochures are relevant to more than one field. The first group of brochures are those of more general character, within the scope of CIGRE. The second group are the brochures dealing with the specific area of the first Study Committee, starting with the `A' Committees. A1 - Rotating Electrical Machines); then the group of brochures related to the field of A2 and so on up to D2 ­ Information Systems and Telecommunications. Two more lists are given: one in numerical order, giving: number, title of the Technical Brochure and field of interest (through the related SCs, A1...; the other in alphabetical order, giving: title, number and field of interest. Set of Session Papers In this category are the sets of Session Papers and Proceedings of recent Sessions, given in chronological order. (Only the whole set can be bought, not an individual paper ) Set of Symposia Papers In this category are the sets of Papers presented at Symposia, and, when available, the Proceedings (discussions record). These documents are given in chronological (year) order. ELECTRA Papers 4 CDs record of the contents of the journal ELECTRA from 1967 to 2000. Ordering publications Please use the ORDER FORM (available on the website) VAT conditions: French Nationals always pay VAT E.U. members are not required to pay VAT if they can supply a VAT Identification Customers from countries outside E.U. do not pay VAT Special Mail: Standard delivery is by air-mail. On request delivery can be by special mail (courier): an extra charge of 15% will be added. Means of payment (cheque, transfer, credit card) are specified on the Order Form. - Orders can be posted to CIGRE (21 rue d'Artois ­ 75008 Paris), emailed (publications@cigre.org) , or faxed (+33 1 53 89 12 99) Enquiries should be directed to: publications@cigre.org, secretary-general@cigre.org, membership@cigre.org (for membership details) - Intellectual ownership of CIGRE documents. All documents are protected by CIGRE © copyright. Ownership of a CIGRE publication, whether in paper form or on electronic support only infers right of use for personal purposes. Are prohibited, except if explicitly agreed by CIGRE, total or partial reproduction of the publication for use other than personal or transfer to a third party Collective members are allowed to make the document available for internal use by their staff, reproduction or circulation on intranet or other company network. Commercial use or transfer outside the company is prohibited. 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS _________________________________________________ 3 TECHNICAL BROCHURES _____________________________________________ 4
2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 2.10 2.11 2.12 2.13 2.14 2.15 2.16 2.17 2.18 2.19 CIGRE - General - CIGRE ___________________________________________ 4 A1 - Rotating Electrical Machines________________________________ 6 A2 - Transformers___________________________________________________ 8 A3 - High Voltage Equipment______________________________________ 11 B1 - Insulated Cables _____________________________________________ 17 B2 - Overhead lines _______________________________________________ 22 B3 - Substations ___________________________________________________ 30 B4 - HVDC and Power Electronics _________________________________ 38 B5 - Protection and Automation __________________________________ 49 C1 - System Development and Economics __________________________ 56 C2 - System Operation and Control_______________________________ 62 C3 - System Environmental Performance __________________________ 67 C4 - System Technical Performance_______________________________ 69 C5 - Electricity Markets and Regulation _______________________ 83 C6 - Distribution Systems and Dispersed Generation _________________________ 86 D1 - Materials and Emerging Technologies ______________________ 87 D2 - Information Systems and Telecommunications __________________________ 91 List in numerical order _________________________________________________ 102 List in alphabetical order _______________________________________________ 118 3 4 5 SET OF SESSION PAPERS ____________________________________________ 134 SET OF SYMPOSIA PAPERS __________________________________________ 137 ELECTRA PAPERS___________________________________________________ 145 2 TECHNICAL BROCHURES
2.1 CIGRE - General - CIGRE REF. 001
CIGRE CIGRE 1974 25 CIGRE sessions (1921-1974 )- General Bibliographic Index
This document gives information about the first CIGRE Sessions 1921-1974. It is organized in three main parts : List of papers from 1921-1974, List of authors and list of Papers published in ELECTRA. Papier
Member Price: 8 Euros Non member Price: 16 Euros REF. 032
CIGRE Ad Hoc GROUP 1972 Final report of the UHV Ad Hoc Group.,
The report shows how the question was asked by the IEC, how the Ad Hoc Group was formed, how it worked, and what were the main results. It has been worded from seven detailed reports by 7 CIGRE Study Committees, which, in their own scope, have had the possibility of bringing parts of the answer to the specific problem. Member Price: 10 Euros Non member Price: 20 Euros 33 pages REF. 035
SC 33/23 JWG 33/13.09 1989 Monograph on GIS very fast transients.
With the introduction of GIS a new type of overvoltages called "fast transients" was created. They contain frequencies far above those arising in conventional open-air substations and have thus caused unexpected problems for the GIS insulation or the insulation of other equipment connected to it. Member Price: 37 Euros Non member Price: 74 Euros 208 pages REF. 231
CIGRE JTF IEEE/CIGRE 2003 Definition and classification of power system stability.
Addresses the issue of stability definition and classification in power systems from a fundamental viewpoint and closely examines the practical ramifications. Aims to define power system stability more precisely; provide a systematic basis for classifying power system stability; and discuss linkages to related issues such as power system reliability and security. MO
Member Price: 15 Euros Non member Price: 30 Euros 30 pages , file: 2,31 MB REF. IAC
CIGRE 1998 Important Achievements of CIGRE
Resulting from the work of the Study Committees over the past 20 years, this brochure shows the contribution of CIGRE to the development of electrical energy in the world. It includes an Executive Summary by the President of CIGRE . Paper
Member Price: 15 Euros Non member Price: 30 Euros 100 pages 2.2 A1 - Rotating Electrical Machines REF. 002
SC 11 WG 11.01 1988 Report on large turbine generator maintenance practices.
Preventive maintenance of generators is an important contribution to the improvement of their availability. The number and nature of the maintenance tasks as well as the periodicity depend largely upon the machine type, its design and its duty type. These practices are generally agreed between the manufacturer and the user. Member Price: 20 Euros Non member Price: 40 Euros 38 pages REF. 116
SC 11/14 JWG 11/14.09 1997 Guide for preliminary design and specification of hydro stations with HVDC unit connected generators.
Several technical and economical reasons strongly suggest that in certain HVDC applications it is of great advantage to simplify the rectifier station via a direct connection of hydro generating sets to 12 pulse converter groups. The proposed arrangement is referred to in HVDC literature as "Unit Connection". Member Price: 30 Euros Non member Price: 60 Euros 230 pages , file: 12,9 MB REF. 119
SC 14 WG 14.05 1997 Interaction between HVDC convertors and nearby synchronous machines.Final report.
It is not uncommon that HVDC convertor stations and generators are situated electrically and geographically close to each other. This follows from the fact that HVDC links are often built to transmit power from a generating station to a load centre or another part of the power system. Examples of this are the Itaipu and IPP schemes. In these cases the HVDC and generator stations are designed more or less in parallel which means that overall good design can be achieved by appropriate coordination. Member Price: 11 Euros Non member Price: 22 Euros 43 pages , file: 1,42 MB REF. 138
SC 39/11 JWG 39/11 1999 Exchange of services between large electricity generating plants and high voltage electric power systems.
Public electricity supply systems have developed into very complex and interconnected systems, whose components are highly dependent upon each other. Careful management of the relationship between the components is crucial to the provision of a secure, reliable and economic supply of electricity to the end-user customer. Member Price: 23 Euros Non member Price: 46 Euros 100 pages , file: 4,63 MB REF. 257
SC A1 WG A1.01.06 2004 EL CID (Electromagnetic - Core Imperfection Detector) Testing of Large Steam-Turbine-Driven Generators
EL CID technique was originally dvised in UK and developed as portable test equipment for inspection and repair of rotating electric machine. The paper briefly discusses the technique, its benefits and its limitations. Member Price: 20 Euros Non member Price: 40 Euros 12 pages , file: 0,638 MB REF. 258
SC A WG A1.01.06 2004 Application of On-Line Partial Discharge Tests to Rotating Machines
Partial Discharges (PD) is a phenomenon which has been known for more than 100 years, which applications developed mainly in the 80s. PD testing for rotating machines has now gained widespread acceptance as a maintenance decision support tool and the purpose of this paper is to be a guidance document on the appropriate use of PD technology,for on-line measurements. Member Price: 20 Euros Non member Price: 40 Euros 12 pages , file: 0,564 MB 2.3 A2 - Transformers REF. 096
SC 12 WG 12.09 1995 Thermal aspects of transformers.
Contains chapters on : Heat run test procedure; Direct measurement of the hot-spot temperature; A survey of facts and opinions; Lifetime evaluation; Dissolved gas analysis; Analytical determination of winding hot spot factor; Experimental determination of power transformer hot spot factor; Survey of power transformer overload field practices. Member Price: 23 Euros Non member Price: 46 Euros 180 pages , file: 6,22 MB REF. 156
SC 12 WG 12.15 2000 Guide for customers specifications for transformers 100 MVA and 123 kV and above.
This document has been prepared as an aid to customers and manufacturers of power transformers in the preparation of specifications for purchasing transformers. Its aim is to highlight some of the important topics that should be considered for includion in an enquiry document. Wherever possible guidance and other practical information about such topics are provided to explain their purpose and significance in transformer enquiries. Clearly it is not possible to address all the issues that may arise. Neither is the document in any way intended to be a complete and applicable specification. Member Price: 24 Euros Non member Price: 48 Euros 75 pages , file: 3,33 MB REF. 157
SC 12 WG 12.17 2000 Effect of particles on transformer dielectric strength.
The effect of particles on the dielectric strength of insulating oil has long been recognized by researchers and much effort has been devoted in attempts to characterize this effect. However, only few experiments have been carried out with insulated electrodes and even then, the extrapolation from test set-up to full-size transformers is very difficult given the effect of the oil volume on the probability of breakdown. Member Price: 12 Euros Non member Price: 24 Euros 44 pages , file: 1,8 MB REF. 170
SC 12/15 JWG 12/15.13 2000 Static electrification in power transformers
Interfacial phenomena; methods and devices including test set-ups with plane flow or rotating flow, filter methods; CIGRE test cell : method and device, numerical flow calculation, time characteristic of leakage current, impact of liquid and solid insulating components; mini-static tester : repeatability and reproducibility, impact of temperature and moisture. Evaluation of methods. Standardisation of methods. References. Member Price: 21 Euros Non member Price: 42 Euros 84 pages , file: 4,24 MB REF. 204
SC 12 WG 12.22 2002 Guidelines for conducting design reviews for transformers 100 MVA and 123 kV and above.
A guide to customers of power transformers for conducting design reviews with manufacturers. A design review is a planned exercise to ensure there is a common understanding of the applicable standards and specification requirements, and to provide an opportunity to scrutinise the design to ensure the requirements will be met, using the manufacturer's proven materials and methodology. The document does not include design limits or parameters. Member Price: 13 Euros Non member Price: 26 Euros 20 pages , file: 0,243 MB REF. 209
SC 12 WG 12.19 2002 The short circuit performance of power transformers.
Service conditions-questionnaire et conclusions. Design calculations: magnetic field and force calculations; mechanical stress calculations. Design review procedure; description of radial and axial forces; manufacturing issues; references. Monitoring: winding movement detection techniques, standardisation and optimisation techniques, problems of interpretation, winding slackness, on-line monitoring, recommendations, references. Includes: questionnaire, summary of responses, detailed information on failures. Member Price: 13 Euros Non member Price: 26 Euros 44 pages , file: 0,921 MB REF. 211
SC 21/22/23/12/13 JTF 23/12/13/21/22.16 2002 General overview on experience feedback methods in the field of electrical equipment
The reliability of network components and systems is a major concern for manufacturers of electrical equipment and utilities. Reliability techniques, derived from the aeronautical and nuclear industries have been used in the field of electrical systems and have now reached maturity. Thus CIGRE Committees have considered reliability to be an important characteristic of network components and reliability is still the subject of many discussions and exchanges of experience. Member Price: 14 Euros Non member Price: 28 Euros 25 pages , file: 0,643 MB REF. 227
SC A2 WG A2.18 2003 Life management techniques for power transformers.
Emphasis on common goals and benefits and a vocabulary of commonly used terms. A presentation of general knowledge and theoretical issues: basic failure concepts, condition, classification,recommendations on failure identification. Detailed appendices with examples and checklists, catalogue of defects and faults. A summary of dangerous effect of degradations factors is proposed. Methodologies. Diagnostic and monitoring techniques ... Member Price: 28 Euros Non member Price: 56 Euros 130 pages , file: 0,99 MB REF. 240
SC B4/A2 JTF B4.04/A2.01 2004 Analysis of HVDC thyristor converter transformer performance
A presentation of performance summaries with failure areas described and classified as bushings, valve windings, AC windings, static shields, load tap changers, core and magnetic shields or internal connections and leads together with short descriptions of the failures. Present transformer test methods are also evaluated for adequacy. Comparisons with the previous report are included. Member Price: 15 Euros Non member Price: 30 Euros 30 pages , file: 0,646 MB REF. 248
SC A2 WG A2.20 2004 Economics of transformer management.
Guide designed to help transformer and asset managers perform economic evaluations of proposed solutions. A list of key parameters has been established covering technical, operational, economical, environmental and other strategic aspects that arose during the early development of the guide. Some models and flow charts have been included. Intended mainly for transformer managers/asset managers managing high-voltage electric systems. Includes 4 parts : Risk management, Specification & Purchase, Operation & Maintenance, Repair vs.replacement. Papier +CD
Member Price: 35 Euros Non member Price: 70 Euros REF. 254
SC D1 TF D1.01.09 2004 Dielectric response methods for diagnostics of power transformers.
The dryness and ageing state of the oil-paper insulation is a key factor in both the short and long term reliability of a power transformer since moisture has deleterious effects on dielectric integrity and insulation ageing rates. Today the water content of the cellulose of a transformer in service is determined indirectly via moisture measured from oil samples according to IEC 60422. Member Price: 22 Euros Non member Price: 44 Euros 42 pages , file: 1,45 MB 2.4 A3 - High Voltage Equipment REF. 007
SC 34 WG 34.03 1980 Non-conventional current and voltage transformers.
For some years new concepts of current and voltage transformers for HV and EHV transmission systems have been investigated and developed to the stages of laboratory models or prototype units installed for trials on transmission systems. One of the aims of this development was to design measuring devices of improved transient performance, as compared with the conventional CT's, CVT's and VT's in order to reliable and faster fault clearance times. Member Price: 26 Euros Non member Price: 52 Euros 173 pages , file: 10,4 MB REF. 023
SC 38 TF 38.04.03 1985 An annotated bibliography on UHV AC substation equipment. (1968-1985).
Contains sections concerning : Insulation co-ordination; Switchgear; Shunt reactors; Surge arresters; Power transformers; Current and voltage measuring equipment, Station design and operating experience, Testing facilities, Index of authors. Member Price: 11 Euros Non member Price: 22 Euros 56 pages , file: 3,78 MB REF. 034
SC 33/14 JWG 33/14.05 1989 Guidelines for the applications of metal oxide arresters without gaps for HVDC converter stations.
This guide for metal oxide arresters without gaps for HVDC converter stations is a supplement to the application guide for insulation coordination and arrester protection of HVDC converter stations published in Electra No.96 (Oct. 1984). It gives basic information about metal oxide material and basic arrester characteristics which will be of value when designing and specifying an arrester protective scheme and specifying the arresters. Member Price: 20 Euros Non member Price: 40 Euros 38 pages REF. 047
SC 13 WG 13.04 1996 Line-charging current switching of HV lines. Stresses and testing. Parts 1 & 2.
The brochure deals mainly with line-charging current switching for voltages 72.5 kV and above, by circuitbreakers and switches, provided the latter have a limited time spread between pole contact parting. The report does not deal with medium-voltage line-charging current switching even if the basic phenomena are the same. Member Price: 18 Euros Non member Price: 36 Euros 60 pages , file: 2,56 MB REF. 050
SC 13 WG 13.02 1995 Interruption of small inductive currents.
This brochure contains the ELECTRA articles prepared by WG13.02 and it aims at presenting the theoretical background to IEC 1233. The test circuits and test procedures prescribed in the IEC report differ somewhat from those proposed by 13.02. Since they are in principle equivalent, the IEC proposals have been adopted in this brochure. When new experience is available this is taken into account. Member Price: 26 Euros Non member Price: 52 Euros 232 pages , file: 11,2 MB REF. 057
SC 23 WG 23.07 1990 Paper-oil insulated measurement transformer.
The document is a set of papers issued in Electra expected to be complete enough and useful for manufacturers or users of equipment : i.e. General considerations; Design and construction; Checking and monitoring; Failure survey; Endurance - testing - life test; Non standardised stresses and Quality assurance. Member Price: 20 Euros Non member Price: 40 Euros 75 pages , file: 4,26 MB REF. 059
SC 15/33 JWG 15/33.08 1990 Session 1990 : Dielectric diagnosis of electrical equipment for AC applications and its effects on insulation coordination. State of the art report.
The present report prepared after three WG meetings, presents the state of the art of the diagnostic methods available today, to the WG members knowledge, to verify the dielectric conditions of insulating materials used in electrical equipment for AC applications. The WG has taken into account as much as possible all the previous work on the subject performed with CIGRE SC and WG and references to the relevant papers have been made. Member Price: 11 Euros Non member Price: 22 Euros 34 pages , file: 3,25 MB REF. 060
SC 33 WG 33.06 1991 Metal oxide surge arresters in AC systems.
The development of the zinc oxide varistors to be applicable to the protection of transient overvoltages in HV systems, introduced an equipment with qualities very much different from the qualities of the up to then well known surge arresters with silicon carbide resistors and series spark gaps. The correct application of this new type of surge arrester needed more detailed knowledge about the transient behaviour of the system and the arrester stresses caused by the system during different operating conditions. Member Price: 26 Euros Non member Price: 52 Euros 87 pages , file: 8,41 MB REF. 072
SC 33 WG 33.07 1992 Guidelines for the evaluation of the dielectric strength of external insulation.
This Guideline deals with the dielectric strength of external insulation, namely air gaps and insulators, with special reference to transient overvoltages. The aim is to illustrate the general trends in dielectric strength as a function of the most important influencing parameters and to give methods and criteria for its evaluation. Member Price: 26 Euros Non member Price: 52 Euros 87 pages , file: 3,04 MB REF. 083
SC 13 WG 13.06 1994 Final report of the 2nd international enquiry on HV circuitbreaker failures and defects in service.
The studies include items such as : Use of diagnostics; Maintenance policy; System reliability study data; Kind of operating mechanism; Comparison of metal enclosed versus non metal enclosed reliability; Impact on testing; SF6 gas leakages. Member Price: 15 Euros Non member Price: 30 Euros 176 pages , file: 9,56 MB REF. 085
SC 38 WG 38.04 1994 Ultra high voltage technology.
The brochure presents the state of the art of UHV technology with focus on : UHV system planning, performance and reliability aspects; UHV transmission lines; UHV substations and equipment; UHV testing facilities and new technology. Member Price: 9 Euros Non member Price: 18 Euros 31 pages , file: 2,65 MB REF. 114
SC 13/14 WG 13/14.08 1997 Circuit-breakers for meshed multiterminal HVDC system. Final Report.
HVDC multiterminal (MTDC) Systems permit the exchange of energy between a number of HVDC substations. The particular advantage of the meshed system is that this exchange can continue even when one of the interconnecting lines is out of service. Investigations have shown that the performance of MTDC systems can be improved by installing HVDC circuit-breakers at appropriate locations. Member Price: 15 Euros Non member Price: 30 Euros 115 pages REF. 134
SC 13 WG 13.CC.03 1998 Transient recovery voltages in medium voltage networks.
Items considered : TRV and circuit configuration ; TRV for the first, second and third pole to clear ; Collection of TRV field data ; TRV under short line fault ; TRV in case of transformer fed faults ; TRV in cade of series reactor limited faults ; TRV in case of faults at the secondary side of transformers ; clearing faults near capacitor banks ; arc-circuit interaction ; topology of test circuits to represent realistic system conditions. Member Price: 27 Euros Non member Price: 54 Euros 113 pages , file: 5,67 MB REF. 135
SC 13 WG 13.01 1998 State of the art of circuit-breaker modelling.
A comprehensive overview on the state of the art. An edition which is a compilation of three reports: Practical application of arc physics in circuit-breakers. Survey of calculation methods and application guide ; Applications of black box modelling to circuit-breakers ; and, Survey on analytical and graphical tools for circuit-breaker behaviour description. Member Price: 21 Euros Non member Price: 42 Euros 90 pages , file: 6,03 MB REF. 158
SC 33 TF 33.04.01 2000 Polluted insulators : a review of current knowledge.
The performance of insulators used on overhead lines and overhead distribution lines and in outdoor substations is a key factor in determining the reliability of power delivery systems. The insulators not only must withstand normal operating voltage, but also must withstand overvoltages that may cause disturbances, flashovers and line outages. The reduction in the performance of outdoor insulators occurs mainly by the pollution of the insulating surfaces from air-borne deposits that may form a conducting or partially conducting surface layer when wet. Member Price: 30 Euros Non member Price: 60 Euros 170 pages , file: 2,46 MB REF. 165
SC 13 WG 13.08 2000 Life management of circuit-breakers.
Current life experience of high and medium voltage circuit-breakers of older and current design; determination and evaluation of residual life expectancy, possibilities and procedures; risk assessment; possibilites for life extension such as monitoring, maintenance procedures, availability and maintainability; testing; economic impact taking into account additional expenditures of preventive measures, reduction of reliability etc; legal, environmental and strategic aspects; changes in network condition. Member Price: 24 Euros Non member Price: 48 Euros 140 pages , file: 7,87 MB REF. 167
SC 13 WG 13.09 2000 User guide for the application of monitoring and diagnostic techniques for switching equipment for rated voltages of 72.5 kV and above.
Condition monitoring and diagnostic techniques are playing an increasingly important role in the design, life cycle cost evaluation, commissioning, operation, maintenance and end of life determination of substation equipment. Users need guidance on the applicability and implications of the various techniques and how their benefits can be evaluated.The report gives guidelines for the application of monitoring and diagnostic techniques covering all switching technologies and including disconnectors and earthing switches as well as circuit-breakers. Member Price: 30 Euros Non member Price: 60 Euros 160 pages , file: 0,91 MB REF. 211
SC 21/22/23/12/13 JTF 23/12/13/21/22.16 2002 General overview on experience feedback methods in the field of electrical equipment
The reliability of network components and systems is a major concern for manufacturers of electrical equipment and utilities. Reliability techniques, derived from the aeronautical and nuclear industries have been used in the field of electrical systems and have now reached maturity. Thus CIGRE Committees have considered reliability to be an important characteristic of network components and reliability is still the subject of many discussions and exchanges of experience. Member Price: 14 Euros Non member Price: 28 Euros 25 pages , file: 0,643 MB REF. 239
SC A3 WG A3.10 2003 Fault current limiters in electrical medium and high voltage systems
Contains 4 major parts : - Part A : Fault current limiters - state of the art; B: Functional specification for a fault current limiter; C: Fault current limiters - system demands; D: Fault current limiters - testing. An extensive reference list regarding limiting technology is included as part of the brochure. Member Price: 35 Euros Non member Price: 70 Euros 80 pages , file: 1,39 MB REF. 259
SC A3 WG A3.12 2004 Failure Survey on Circuit Breaker Control Systems
This brochure gives a summary of the results of the survey whicgh was conducted on the frequency and nature of the failures. It gives a world wide overview of the experience with different technologies. Member Price: 35 Euros Non member Price: 70 Euros 34 pages , file: 0,866 MB REF. 262
SC A3 WG A3.07 2004 Controlled Switching of HVAC CBs: Benefits & Economic Aspects
Part 3 of the work conducted on the subject of "Controlled Switching of HV AC circuit breakers" It deals with generic technological ad economic aspects. Benefits are considered in relation to the cicuit breaker,the switched load and the whole power system.Additional costs and disadvantages are discussed when appropriate. Member Price: 30 Euros Non member Price: 60 Euros 33 pages , file: 0,904 MB REF. 263
SC A3 WG A3.07 2004 Controlled switching of HVAC CBs - Guidance for further applications including unloaded transformer switching...
Part 2 of the work conducted on the subject of "Controlled Switching of HV AC circuit breakers". This part complements part 1 and discusses switching cases which are less developed or still subject of theoritical development. It also reports on the possibility of using the technique to uprate existing installations (uprating and retrofitting) Member Price: 35 Euros Non member Price: 70 Euros 55 pages , file: 2,52 MB REF. 264
SC A3 WG A3.07 2004 Controlled switching of HVAC CBs - Planning,Specifications & Testing
Part 1 of the work conducted on the subject of "Controlled Switching of HV AC circuit breakers". This part gives guidance to the user on how to approach controlled switching projects and, in particular, how to study,specify, and test circuit breakers and controller systems. Member Price: 35 Euros Non member Price: 70 Euros 55 pages , file: 1,13 MB 2.5 B1 - Insulated Cables REF. 005
SC 21 WG 21.02 1976 Current ratings of cables for cyclic and emergency loads.
The document provides methods for calculating rating factors for cyclic loads and for calculating the response of a cable to a suddenly applied step function load. Member Price: 17 Euros Non member Price: 34 Euros 35 pages , file: 2,6 MB REF. 086
SC 33 /21/14 JWG 33/21/14.16 1994 Overvoltages on HVDC cables. Final Report.
The number of HVDC projects using long DC cables is increasing, mostly for submarine power transmission. A larger number of such HVDC schemes are already in operation or in planning stage. The economic design of DC cables is very important, because the cost of DC cables is high in proportion to the total cost of HVDC submarine cable transmission. Member Price: 9 Euros Non member Price: 18 Euros 55 pages , file: 5,51 MB REF. 089
SC 21 WG 21.06 1994 Accessories for HV extruded cables. Types of accessories and terminology.
This work categorises the types of accessory designs available for use on HV cables with extruded insulation for AC transmission voltages of 60 kV and above. The typical types of extruded cable insulation being low density polyethylene (LDPE), high density polyethylene (HDPE), crosslinked polyethylene (XLPE) and ethylene propylene rubber (EPR). Member Price: 17 Euros Non member Price: 34 Euros 100 pages , file: 5,89 MB REF. 104
SC 36/21 JWG 36.01/21 1996 Magnetic fields in HV cable systems. 1. Systems without ferromagnetic component.
Considerable work has been done on the magnetic fields due to overhead lines, but relatively little has been published on the fields from underground cable systems. The report details the levels of magnetic field that occur in various typical situations. The analysis is restricted to underground cable systems without ferromagnetic component; for which analysis is relatively easy. Member Price: 9 Euros Non member Price: 18 Euros 30 pages , file: 1,29 MB REF. 110
SC 21/22 JWG 21/22.01 1996 Comparison of high voltage overhead lines and underground cables. Report and Guidelines.
It is intended that these guidelines will serve as a reference document when overhead and underground options for transmission circuits are being compared and when possible routes are being negotiated with the relevant authorities. The comparison is made under the following headings : system planning and operation, environmental, technical, cost and future perspectives. Member Price: 23 Euros Non member Price: 46 Euros 68 pages , file: 3,82 MB REF. 177
SC 21 WG 21.06 2001 Accessories for HV cables with extruded insulation
Companion document to "Improved design criteria of overhead transmission lines based on reliability concepts". Contains the technical background of reliability based design in more detail. An output of CIGRE WG22.06 involved in reliability based design of overhead transmission lines for many years. Member Price: 46 Euros Non member Price: 92 Euros 280 pages , file: 6,3 MB REF. 194
SC 21 WG 21.17 2001 Construction, laying and installation techniques for extruded and self-contained fluid filled cable systems.
The focus of general public concern on the environment results in the use of underground lines being considered since they offer alternative or interesting complementary solutions for the bulk transmission of electrical energy. This leads to the installation of underground cables in some areas, where overhead lines would automatically have been considered in the past. Member Price: 46 Euros Non member Price: 92 Euros 150 pages , file: 1,5 MB REF. 199
SC 38 TF 38.01.11 2002 Superconducting cables. Impact on network structure and control.
A distillation of many discussions on the possible impacts of superconducting power cables in power transmission systems in the future. Only oxide superconductors are discussed. In order to clarify the possibility of using SC cables, the Task Force collected and discussed worldwide background data concerning underground (or undersea) cables and analyzed the trend of SC cable applications in future power grids. Member Price: 28 Euros Non member Price: 56 Euros 59 pages , file: 1,5 MB REF. 210
SC 21/15 JTF 21/15 2002 Interfaces in accessories for extruded HV and EHV cables.
Although interfaces in joints and terminations of extruded HV cables have been identified as crucial parts, some of the mechanisms related to ageing are not well understood. For this reason, a task force was set up to study the behaviour of interfaces between solid insulating materials in accessories for HV and EHV extruded cables. The results are reported in this brochure. Member Price: 12 Euros Non member Price: 24 Euros 13 pages , file: 0,835 MB REF. 211
SC 21/22/23/12/13 JTF 23/12/13/21/22.16 2002 General overview on experience feedback methods in the field of electrical equipment
The reliability of network components and systems is a major concern for manufacturers of electrical equipment and utilities. Reliability techniques, derived from the aeronautical and nuclear industries have been used in the field of electrical systems and have now reached maturity. Thus CIGRE Committees have considered reliability to be an important characteristic of network components and reliability is still the subject of many discussions and exchanges of experience. Member Price: 14 Euros Non member Price: 28 Euros 25 pages , file: 0,643 MB REF. 218
SC 23/21/33 JWG 23/21/33.15 2003 Gas insulated transmission lines (GIL)
Techical information to be of assistance in the design of circuits using GIL: definition and description of GIL; general technical characteristics and their comparison with O/H lines and conventional cables; continuous and short-term current rating of directly buried GIL, sensitivity analysis to design parameters. Insulation and overvoltage aspects from a long term reliability point of view. Mechanical corrosion and installation aspects of directly buried GIL. Environment considerations. Economic aspects. Recent GIL projects and R&D programmes. Member Price: 50 Euros Non member Price: 100 Euros 261 pages REF. 219
SC 21 WG 21.01 2003 Testing DC extruded cable systems for power transmission up to 250 kV
Tests apply to the complete HVDC cable system as installed and as intended to function. Wherever possible the tests have been based on existing recommendations, standards and practices. New tests have however been introduced where required by considerations specific to the new technology. New technology may involve the use of many different materials such as thermoplastic or cross linked polymers and differing manufacturing processes. Tests are largely functional and not specific to one material or manufacturing process. Member Price: 15 Euros Non member Price: 30 Euros 27 pages , file: 0,509 MB REF. 229
SC B1 WG B1.20 2003 High temperature superconducting (HTS) cable systems.
High Temperature Superconducting (HTS) cable systems seem to promise a number of fascinating advantages for bulk power transmission. The state of the art of the technology is presented, with the results of the work of the WG on HTS systems components and issues of specifications and testing. Many questions remain still open ,especially about its practical application and competivity. These issues will have to be studied later when feedback experience will be available . Member Price: 22 Euros Non member Price: 44 Euros 40 pages , file: 0,986 MB REF. 247
SC B1 WG B1.02 2004 Optimization of power transmission capability of underground cable systems using thermal monitoring
This report is aimed primarily at the user and reviews the technologies currently available. Results of a survey provide some indication regarding the current utilization of both cable temperature monitoring and dynamic cable rating systems. Some recommendations are proposed in connection with the application of these systems and identifies possible future development trends. Member Price: 37 Euros Non member Price: 74 Euros 80 pages , file: 1,18 MB REF. 250
SC B1 WG B1.19 2004 Technical and environmental issues regarding the integration of a new HV underground cable system in the network.
The design of underground lines should address the technical and environmental issues concerning their integration in the network,during the design, installation, operation and upgrading stages. WG B1.19 report provides guidelines for the design of transitions between OHL and underground cables.It deals with land AC extruded cables, but some sections are applcable to DC and/or submarine and SCFF cables. One chapter is dedicated to Enviromental Impact Assessment. It presents an example of of ageneral method for the evaluation of impacts and offers a typical table of contents for an environmental evaluation report.K Member Price: 45 Euros Non member Price: 90 Euros 176 pages , file: 5,169 MB REF. 268
SC B1 WG B1.05 2005 Transient voltages affecting long cables
Long cables are subjected to lower lightning overvoltages than short cables due to the cable "self-protective" effect. This paper investigates the possibility of utilizing the full range of IEC impulse levels instead of the current practice of using the highest level. Calculated results of lightning overvoltages vs. impulse levels are provided for a cable inserted in an overhead line, for a number of cable types and system voltages. It is shown that for cable lengths that are of tens of kilometers it may sometimes be possible to even adopt the lowest IEC impulse level. Member Price: 15 Euros Non member Price: 30 Euros 45 pages , file: 1,25 MB REF. 272
SC B1 WG B1.03 2005 Large cross-sections and composite screens design.
The core of large cross-section HV and EHV extruded cables are genarally segmental, to reduce losses due to the skin effect. The TB gives details on both theoritical and experimental approach, from which the WG could propose recommendations for evaluating the a.c. resistance of these cores, to be taken into account when calculating the cable current carrying capacity. It describes the calculations of losses in composite screens, combination of a bundle of wires and a metallic sheath (or a foil) and proposes a method of calculating the permissible short-circuit current of this kind of metallic screens. Member Price: 54 Euros Non member Price: 108 Euros 87 pages , file: 1,56 MB REF. 279
SC B1 WG B1.04 2005 Maintenance for HV cables and accessories
This Technical Brochure is based on the report prepared by CIGRE WG B1.04. The attention will be focused on the present utility practices regarding maintenance, the failure modes for the usual cable systems and the related diagnostic methods, and recommendations to utilities for effective and efficient maintenance. One of the main recommendations is that maintenance should be based on a clear strategy and elaborated in a clear maintenance plan. Finally the TB indicates that maintenance trends are moving to so called predictive maintenance. Member Price: 34 Euros Non member Price: 68 Euros 96 pages , file: 1,02 MB REF. 283
SC B1 WG B1.18 2005 Special bonding of high voltage power cables
Special sheath bonding has been used for over 40 years to help reduce cable system losses. Previous articles in ELECTRA 28, 47 and 128 addressed the subject, however it was considered that certain issues should be updated in the light of more experience and recent developments in analytical techniques. The results are published in this TB. Member Price: 48 Euros Non member Price: 96 Euros 105 pages , file: 1,62 MB 2.6 B2 - Overhead lines REF. 048
SC 22 WG 22.06 1995 Tower top geometry.
The study is to define clearances between live conductors and earthed structures under the action of wind. This case is particularly significant for suspension towers equipped with I-type suspension insulator sets. In addition to insulator swing the following requirements may also affect the tower top geometry : Clearances between conductors in mid-span; Provisions for conductor galloping and Distances for live line maintenance. Member Price: 11 Euros Non member Price: 22 Euros 48 pages , file: 2,14 MB REF. 081
SC 22 WG 22.07 1994 Foundation testing
With the change in design philosophy from a deterministic to a probabilistic approach, the necessity for determining the strength distribution for individual components of an overhead transmission line has increased. The report gives recommendations on the procedures to be undertaken during the testing of foundations from the initial planning stage through to test evaluation and acceptance. Member Price: 29 Euros Non member Price: 58 Euros 59 pages , file: 2,22 MB REF. 085
SC 38 WG 38.04 1994 Ultra high voltage technology.
The brochure presents the state of the art of UHV technology with focus on : UHV system planning, performance and reliability aspects; UHV transmission lines; UHV substations and equipment; UHV testing facilities and new technology. Member Price: 9 Euros Non member Price: 18 Euros 31 pages , file: 2,65 MB REF. 109
SC 22 WG 22.06 1996 Loading and strength of overhead lines Review of IEC 826 : The brochure comprises 4 different chapters : 1) Questionnaire on use and application of IEC 826; 2) Application example of IEC 826; 3) Analysis of recent transmission line failures; 4) Improved design criteria of overhead transmission lines based on reliability concept. Member Price: 23 Euros Non member Price: 46 Euros 140 pages , file: 5,16 MB REF. 110
SC 21/22 JWG 21/22.01 1996 Comparison of high voltage overhead lines and underground cables. Report and Guidelines.
It is intended that these guidelines will serve as a reference document when overhead and underground options for transmission circuits are being compared and when possible routes are being negotiated with the relevant authorities. The comparison is made under the following headings : system planning and operation, environmental, technical, cost and future perspectives. Member Price: 23 Euros Non member Price: 46 Euros 68 pages , file: 3,82 MB REF. 141
SC 22 WG 22.07 1999 Refurbishment and upgrading of foundations.
This report provides an outline of good practice on the refurbishment and upgrading of existing overhead transmission line support foundations. Possible reasons for foundation deterioration are reviewed, which may result from such diverses causes as early-age concrete cracking to damage by frost forces. the critical nature of the inspection and testing strategy are considered, with attention focussed on the economics of the inspection/testing regime, the use of alternative strategies and the different levels of foundation inspection together with the actual inspection test methods. Member Price: 38 Euros Non member Price: 76 Euros 160 pages , file: 104 MB REF. 147
SC 22 WG 22.14 1999 High voltage overhead lines. Environmental concerns, procedures, impacts and mitigations
Electricity utilities involved in transmission development, maintenance and operation face increasingly severe challenges as a result of heightened environmental awareness, more comprehansive legislation and standards and growing public expectations and concerns.These trends will have a major influence on the approach of companies to the management of both new projects and existing transmission assets. Member Price: 30 Euros Non member Price: 60 Euros 104 pages , file: 110 MB REF. 174
SC 22 WG 22.06 2000 Load control devices on overhead transmission lines.
Electricity utilities need to design overhead lines to withstand potential cascade failures of towers which could occur as a result of exceptional icing or rupture of conductors. Some utilities simply design the lines with section towers at frequent intervals and other utilities use special devices called 'load control devices' (LCD) the function of which is to limit the stresses applied to the towers in cases of exceptional longitudinal loads. Member Price: 12 Euros Non member Price: 24 Euros 20 pages , file: 0,334 MB REF. 175
SC 22 WG 22.13 2000 Management of existing overhead transmission lines.
Can you answer the following questions : Can you quantitatively justify investments in you O/H transmission system ? Can you predict the probability of you next O/H transmission line failure event ? Do you collect the right data when you have a failure event ? Do you know the present capability of you OHTL components ? Could you manage these data effectively if you did collect them ? Member Price: 30 Euros Non member Price: 60 Euros 185 pages , file: 2 MB REF. 178
SC 22 WG 22.06 2001 Probabilistic design of overhead transmission lines
Companion document to "Improved design criteria of overhead transmission lines based on reliability concepts". Contains the technical background of reliability based design in more detail. An output of CIGRE WG22.06 involved in reliability based design of overhead transmission lines for many years. Member Price: 35 Euros Non member Price: 70 Euros 124 pages , file: 1,6 MB REF. 179
SC 22 TF 22.06.01 2001 Guidelines for field measurement of ice loadings on overhead power line conductors
When criteria for ice loading on overhead transmission lines are established, experiences from existing lines and line networks are of great economical value. This document describes the importance of such data and procedures for collecting them. Guidelines for company routines as well as recommendations for tools, training and observation procedures are given. Includes two sets of observation forms : for collecting fundamental and accurate information on ice loadings and shedding on various conductor types and a simplified set for collecting basic information. Member Price: 12 Euros Non member Price: 24 Euros 28 pages , file: 0,415 MB REF. 184
SC 22 WG 22.03 2001 Composite insulator handling guide
With a view to preventing failures this documents serves to describe how critical damage can occur in the field and the measures that should be taken to avoid such damage. Typical problems are illustrated to show the defects that can be introduced by inappropriate treatment and construction practices, to indicate