_______________________________________________________________
TCC Action: It was the action of the Technical Correlating Committee that
further consideration be given to the comments expressed in the voting.
The Technical Correlating Committee directs that the Action on this
Proposal be rewritten to comply with the NEC Style Manual.
This action will be considered by the Panel as a Public Comment.
Submitter: Timothy M. Croushore, Allegheny Power
Recommendation:
Revise text to read as follows:
ARTICLE 705 Interconnected Electric Power Production Sources
I General
705.1 Scope.
This article covers installation of one or more electric power production
sources operating in parallel with a primary source(s) of electricity.
FPN: Examples of the types of primary sources are a utility supply, on-site
electric power source(s), or other sources.
705.2 Definition.
***NOTES not part of NEC text: MOVE the revised definition of
Interactive System TO Article 100. Move Definitions of Hybrid System,
and Point of Common Coupling from Article 690 to 705.
Interactive System. An electric power production system that is operating in
parallel with and capable of delivering energy to an electric primary source
supply system.
Hybrid System. A system comprised of multiple power sources. These
power sources may include photovoltaic, wind, micro-hydro generators,
engine-driven generators, and others, but do not include electrical power
production and distribution network systems. Energy storage systems such as
batteries, flywheels, or superconducting magnetic storage equipment, do not
constitute a power source for the purpose of this definition.
Utility-Interactive Inverter Output Circuit. The conductors between the
utility-interactive inverter and the service equipment or another electric
power production source, such as a utility, for electrical production and
distribution network.
Point of Common Coupling. The point at which the power production and
distribution network and the customer interface occurs in an interactive
system. Typically, this is the load side of the power network meter.
705.3 Other Articles.
Interconnected electric power production sources shall comply with this
article and also with the applicable requirements of the articles in Table 705.3.

Table 705.3 Other Articles
Equipment/System
Article
Generators
445
Emergency systems
700
Legally required standby
systems
701
Optional standby systems
702

Exception No. 1: Installation of solar photovoltaic systems operated as
interconnected power sources shall be in accordance with Article 690.
Exception No. 2: Installation of fuel cell systems operated as interconnected
power sources shall be in accordance with Article 692.
705.10 Directory.
A permanent plaque or directory, denoting all electrical power sources on
or in the premises, shall be installed at each service equipment location
and at locations of all electric power production sources capable of being
interconnected.
Exception: Installations with large numbers of power production sources
shall be permitted to be designated by groups.
705.12 Point of Connection.
The outputs of electric power production systems shall be interconnected
at the premises service disconnecting means beyond the point of common
coupling.
(A) Integrated Electric System. The outputs shall be permitted to be
interconnected at a point or points elsewhere on the premises where the
system qualifies as an integrated electric system and incorporates protective
equipment in accordance with all applicable sections of Article 685.
(B) General. The outputs shall be permitted to be interconnected at a point
or points elsewhere on the premises where all of the following conditions are
met:
(1) The aggregate of nonutility sources of electricity has a capacity in
excess of 100 kW, or the service is above 1000 volts.
(2) The conditions of maintenance and supervision ensure that qualified
persons service and operate the system.
(3) Safeguards, documented procedures, and protective equipment are
established and maintained.
705.14 Output Characteristics.
The output of a generator or other electric power production source operating
in parallel with an electric supply system shall be compatible with the voltage,
wave shape, and frequency of the system to which it is connected.
FPN: The term compatible does not necessarily mean matching the primary
source wave shape.
705.16 Interrupting and Short-Circuit Current Rating.
Consideration shall be given to the contribution of fault currents from all
interconnected power sources for the interrupting and short-circuit current
ratings of equipment on interactive systems.
705.20 Disconnecting Means, Sources.
Means shall be provided to disconnect all ungrounded conductors of an
electric power production source(s) from all other conductors.
705.21 Disconnecting Means, Equipment.
Means shall be provided to disconnect power production equipment, such
as utility interactive inverters or transformers associated with a power
production source, from all ungrounded conductors of all sources of supply.
Equipment intended to be operated and maintained as an integral part of a
power production source exceeding 1000 volts shall not be required to have a
disconnecting means.
705.22 Disconnect Device.
The disconnecting means for ungrounded conductors shall consist of a
manually or power operable switch(es) or circuit breaker(s) with the following
features:
(1) Located where readily accessible
(2) Externally operable without exposing the operator to contact with live
parts and, if power operable, of a type that can be opened by hand in the event
of a power supply failure
(3) Plainly indicating whether in the open (off) or closed (on) position
(4) Having ratings not less than the load to be carried and the fault current
to be interrupted
(5)
Capable of being locked in the open (off) position
For disconnect equipment energized from both sides, a marking shall be
provided to indicate that all contacts of the disconnect equipment may be
energized.
FPN No. 1: In parallel generation systems, some equipment, including knife
blade switches and fuses, is likely to be energized from both directions. See
240.40.
FPN No. 2: Interconnection to an off-premises primary source could require a
visibly verifiable disconnecting device.
705.30 Overcurrent Protection.
Conductors shall be protected in accordance with Article 240. Equipment
and conductors connected to more than one electrical source shall have a
sufficient number of overcurrent devices located so as to provide protection
from all sources.
(A) Generators. Generators shall be protected in accordance with 445.12.
(B) Solar Photovoltaic Systems. Solar photovoltaic systems shall be
protected in accordance with Article 690. 70-787
Report on Proposals A2007 Copyright, NFPA
NFPA 70
(C) Transformers. Overcurrent protection for a transformer with a source(s)
on each side shall be provided in accordance with 450.3 by considering first
one side of the transformer, then the other side of the transformer, as the
primary.
(D) Fuel Cell Systems. Fuel cell systems shall be protected in accordance
with Article 692.
705.32 Ground-Fault Protection.
Where ground-fault protection is used, the output of an interactive system
shall be connected to the supply side of the ground-fault protection.
Exception: Connection shall be permitted to be made to the load side of
ground-fault protection, provided that there is ground-fault protection for
equipment from all ground-fault current sources.
705.40 Loss of Primary Source.
Upon loss of primary source, an electric power production source shall be
automatically disconnected from all ungrounded conductors of the primary
source and shall not be reconnected until the primary source is restored.
Exception: A listed Utility Interactive Inverter shall be permitted to
automatically cease exporting power upon loss of primary source and shall
not be required to automatically disconnect all ungrounded conductors from
the primary source.. A listed Utility Interactive Inverter shall be permitted
to automatically or manually resume exporting power to the utility once the
primary source is restored.
FPN No. 1: Risks to personnel and equipment associated with the primary
source could occur if an utility interactive electric power production source
can operate as an intentional island. Special detection methods arecan
be required to determine that a primary source supply system outage has
occurred and whether there should be automatic disconnection. When the
primary source supply system is restored, special detection methods can
be required to limit exposure of power production sources to out-of-phase
reconnection.
FPN No. 2: Induction-generating equipment on systems with significant
capacitance can become self-excited upon loss of primary source and
experience severe overvoltage as a result.
705.42 Unbalanced Interconnections.
A 3-phase electric power production source shall be automatically
disconnected from all ungrounded conductors of the interconnected systems
when one of the phases of that source opens. This requirement shall not be
applicable to an electric power production source providing power for an
emergency or legally required standby system.
Exception: A listed Utility Interactive Inverter shall be permitted to
automatically cease exporting power when one of the phases of the source
opens and shall not be required to automatically disconnect all ungrounded
conductors from the primary source. A listed Utility Interactive Inverter
shall be permitted to automatically or manua