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Closed Circuit Television Camera (CCTV) Strategy APPENDIX 1: THE FRAMEWORK FOR MANUKAU
CITY COUNCILS CCTV STRATEGY

The development of this Strategy and Councils approach to using CCTV technology for the
benefit of Manukaus communities exists within a context of a range of existing legislation,
strategic policy choices and models of best practice. The following documents must be
considered in the development and management of CCTV systems. Other documents at an
operational level are also applicable and will be covered within the recommended CCTV
Policy.

1 International
Influences

1.1 Draft Australian/New Zealand Standards on CCTV Application,
Management and Operation

The Draft Australian/New Zealand Standards were released in September 2005 for
public submissions by December 2005. They include two separate documents:
guidelines for CCTV application
1
and a code of practice on management and
operation of CCTV
2
. It is anticipated that they will be finalised and adopted in the
near future.

The guidelines and code of practice provide operational guidance in installing,
managing and operating CCTV. It is envisioned that these Standards will be
continually updated with technology changes, industry developments and legislative
requirements.


2 National
Influences


Use of CCTV in New Zealand is influenced by two documents: the Privacy Act 1993
and New Zealand Police CCTV Policy Pointers.

2.1 The Privacy Act 1993

The Privacy Act governs the collection of personal information and as such applies to
all CCTV systems which record information about any individual. The Privacy
Commissioner requires that the following points are addressed before CCTV systems
are installed in public areas:

The need for CCTV use is justified;
A consultation process is completed prior to installation;
The CCTV project is advertised;
Signage is provided in the areas of CCTV coverage;
An ongoing audit of the need for the CCTV system is established;
Clear processes are in place for the management of data; and

1
Draft for Public Comment Australian/New Zealand Standards CCTV Application Guidelines. September
2005. Standards Australia and Standards New Zealand
2


Draft for Public Comment Australian/New Zealand Standards CCTV Management and Operation Code of
Practice. September 2005. Standards Australia and Standards New Zealand
Reporting on the use of the CCTV system is submitted to the Privacy
Commissioner on an ongoing basis.

Section two of the Strategy assesses Councils CCTV systems for compliance
against these requirements.

2.2 New Zealand Police CCTV Policy Pointers

In May 2002 the New Zealand Police, in association with the Office of the Privacy
Commissioner, developed a set of policy protocols relating to the use and
administration of CCTV systems. These policy protocols are binding for the New
Zealand Police and provide an example of national best practice relating to CCTV
policy procedure and the
1993
Privacy Act.

3 Local
Influences

3.1 Memorandum
of
Understanding for Public Places CCTV

The Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) was established in 2003 to govern the
information partnership between Council, Police and the service provider. This MOU
details the terms and conditions to be applied to manage requests for system footage
or information by Police.

The MOU encourages cooperation and sharing of information between Council and
Police with clearly defined roles and responsibilities, with the desired outcome being
an improvement in crime prevention management.

This MOU is not fixed and can be amended or altered to suit changing legal,
operational or funding conditions. Section Three of the Strategy outlines the issues
regarding this partnership and recommends changes for improvement.
3.2 Tomorrows Manukau- Manukau Apopo 2006-2016

Tomorrows Manukau - Manukau Apopo is Manukau's 10 year City-wide Plan. As
required by the Local Government Act 2002, Tomorrow's Manukau identifies the
desired outcomes of the community of Manukau in a range of different themes.
3

These outcomes provide the framework for thinking and action by all Manukau
organisations, including Manukau City Council.

Desire for safety from crime and other unsociable behaviour in Manukaus public
spaces are reflected as a high priority in Tomorrows Manukau. A range of outcomes
related to CCTV usage are aspired to:

Safe Communities Outcome One talks about Manukau people wanting the City
to be free from burglary, theft and property damage. CCTV is an effective
tool in reducing this type of crime, and there is opportunity for Council to share
lessons with other organisations, individuals and groups who are interested in
CCTV technology to address such crime.

Safe Communities Outcome Two states that Manukaus families and
communities will be free from violent crime. International research reveals that

3
For more information visit the Tomorrows Manukau website: www.tomorrowsmanukau.co.uk live monitored CCTV that instigates immediate responses from emergency
services can have an impact on violent crime in public places.

Safe Communities Outcome Three states that: Manukaus public spaces will
be crime free. Manukau people are concerned about the impact of anti-social
behaviour on their freedom to use and enjoy public spaces. People want to
retain their right of access and suggest the combined use of more innovative
urban design, effective policing, community patrol groups, and CCTV.

Safe Communities Outcome Four talks about peoples desire for visible and
effective crime prevention services. Public Places CCTV has an indirect role
to play here, in that it can instigate responses from Police to criminal events as
well as track their local visibility (as well as the presence of Manukau
community patrol groups).

Moving Manukau Outcome Three talks about the communitys need for public
transport hubs and facilities to be safe to use by day and night and are free
from rubbish, graffiti and crime. The use of CCTV has been identified as key at
these locations as well as in managing traffic, and will be discussed in detail in
Section 5 of the Strategy.

A number of actions in the Tomorrows Manukau Workbook 2005
4
have relevance to
the objectives of the CCTV Strategy:

Install high-quality, well maintained CCTV at appropriate hotspots in public places
which is monitored and backed by an effective response.
Encourage partnerships between private and public CCTV operators, the Police
and community patrol groups to improve the coordination and effectiveness of
monitoring and response.

To be effective a CCTV Strategy has to take into account all of these related issues
regarding crime in public places, community safety and perceptions of safety, upon
which its operation may have a positive or negative impact.

3.3 Council Strategies and Policies

Outcomes and objectives contained in the following Council strategies and policies
align with those of the CCTV strategy and will provide support, and are supported by,
Councils strategic approach to CCTV. These documents and related issues must be
considered when implementing the strategy.

Te Tiriti/ Treaty of Waitangi Generic Policy Statement
Community Safety Framework 2003
Crime Prevention Action Plan 2003
Community Facilities Strategic Plan 2004
Property Strategy 2003
Transport Strategy 2006-2016
Manukau Town Centre Strategy 2004
Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design Strategy (under
development)
Graffiti Management Strategy 2001
Alcohol Strategy Reducing alcohol-related problems in Manukau 2002


4
The Tomorrows Manukau Workbook 2005 was developed alongside the community outcomes identification
process and identifies the actions that key stakeholders in Manukau, such as Manukau City Council, have signed
up to in order to contribute to the community outcomes. 3.4 Conclusion

The CCTV Strategy must ensure compliance with the Privacy Act 1993. In addition
the CCTV Strategy will work alongside the other frameworks, strategies and policies
of Councils to ensure Councils commitment to achieving best practice in its CCTV
systems.

It is also recommended that at an operational level the CCTV Policy and
Memorandum of Understanding for public places CCTV align with the Australian/
New Zealand CCTV Standards and the New Zealand Polices CCTV Policy Pointers.

APPENDIX 2: INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH INTO
CCTV TECHNOLOGY EFFECTIVENESS

This section provides an overview of current international research findings on the
effectiveness of CCTV technology in reducing/preventing crime and increasing safety. This
includes a comparison of Manukau City Council and Australian Councils approaches to
CCTV, plus an overview of British and American research into the effectiveness of CCTV
technology.

1
Australian Councils CCTV Survey 2005
5


1.1 Background

Recent resear