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permission of Rabbit Semiconductor. An Introduction to TCP/IP
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1: Introduction
1
Chapter 2: Ethernet Basics
3
2.1 Ethernet Address................................................................................................................................................. 3
2.2 Physical Connections .......................................................................................................................................... 3
2.2.1 Cables.......................................................................................................................................................... 4
2.3 Frames................................................................................................................................................................. 4
2.3.1 Collisions ................................................................................................................................................... 5
Chapter 3: Networks
7
3.1 LAN .................................................................................................................................................................... 7
3.1.1 Repeaters and Bridges................................................................................................................................. 7
3.2 WAN ................................................................................................................................................................... 8
3.2.1 Packet Switches........................................................................................................................................... 8
3.2.2 Forwarding a Packet.................................................................................................................................... 8
3.3 VPN .................................................................................................................................................................... 9
3.4 Network Devices................................................................................................................................................. 9
3.4.1 Routers ........................................................................................................................................................ 9
3.4.2 Firewalls...................................................................................................................................................... 9
3.4.3 Gateways ................................................................................................................................................... 10
3.5 Network Architecture ....................................................................................................................................... 10
3.5.1 Client/Server Networks............................................................................................................................. 10
Port Numbers ................................................................................................................................................. 11
Chapter 4: Network Protocol Layers
13
4.1 Layering Models ............................................................................................................................................... 13
4.2 TCP/IP Protocol Stack ...................................................................................................................................... 14
Chapter 5: TCP/IP Protocols
15
5.1 IP ....................................................................................................................................................................... 16
5.1.1 IP Address ................................................................................................................................................. 16
5.1.2 IP Address Classes .................................................................................................................................... 16
5.1.3 Netmasks ................................................................................................................................................... 16
5.1.4 Subnet Address ......................................................................................................................................... 17
5.1.5 Directed Broadcast Address...................................................................................................................... 17
5.1.6 Limited Broadcast Address ....................................................................................................................... 17
5.2 IP Routing ......................................................................................................................................................... 17
5.3 ARP................................................................................................................................................................... 18
5.4 The Transport Layer ......................................................................................................................................... 19
5.4.1 UDP........................................................................................................................................................... 19
5.4.2 TCP ........................................................................................................................................................... 19
TCP Connection/Socket ................................................................................................................................ 19
TCP Header ................................................................................................................................................... 20
5.4.3 ICMP ......................................................................................................................................................... 21
5.5 The Application Layer ...................................................................................................................................... 22
5.5.1 DNS........................................................................................................................................................... 22
DCRTCP.LIB Implementation of DNS ........................................................................................................ 22 iv
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Chapter 6: Dynamic C TCP/IP Implementation
25
6.1 TCP/IP Configuration Macros ..........................................................................................................................25
6.1.1 IP Addresses Set Manually........................................................................................................................25
6.1.2 IP Addresses Set Dynamically ..................................................................................................................25
6.1.3 Default Buffer Size....................................................................................................................................26
6.1.4 Delay a Connection ...................................................................................................................................26
6.1.5 Runtime Configuration ..............................................................................................................................26
6.2 Skeleton Program ..............................................................................................................................................27
6.3 TCP Socket........................................................................................................................................................28
6.3.1 Passive Open .............................................................................................................................................28
Example of Passive Open ..............................................................................................................................29
6.3.2 Active Open...............................................................................................................................................30
6.3.3 TCP Socket Functions ...............................................................................................................................31
Control Functions ..........................................................................................................................................31
Status Functions .............................................................................................................................................32
I/O Functions .................................................................................................................................................33
6.4 UDP Interface....................................................................................................................................................33
6.4.1 Opening and Closing .................................................................................................................................34
6.4.2 Writing........................................