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ORAU TEAM
Dose Reconstruction
Project for NIOSH


Oak Ridge Associated Universities I Dade Moeller & Associates I MJW Corporation

Page 1 of 41


Document Title:


Pinellas Plant Occupational External
Dose

Document Number:
ORAUT-TKBS-0029-6
Revision:
00
Effective Date:
09/15/2005
Type of Document:
TBD
Supersedes:
None
Subject Experts: Donald. E. Palmrose, Milton E. Gorden, Paul Demopoulos

Document Owner

Approval:
Signature on File
Approval Date:
09/13/2005


Mark D. Notich, TBD Team Leader




Approval:
Signature on File
Approval Date:
09/13/2005


Judson L. Kenoyer, Task 3 Manager




Concurrence:
Signature on File
Concurrence Date: 09/13/2005


Richard E. Toohey, Project Director




Approval:
Signature on File
Approval Date:
09/15/2005


James W. Neton, Associate Director for Science



New
Total Rewrite

Revision

Page Change

FOR DOCUMENTS MARKED AS A TOTAL REWRITE, REVISION, OR PAGE CHANGE, REPLACE THE PRIOR
REVISION AND DISCARD / DESTROY ALL COPIES OF THE PRIOR REVISION. Document No. ORAUT-TKBS-0029-6
Revision No. 00
Effective Date: 09/15//2005
Page 2 of 41

PUBLICATION RECORD

EFFECTIVE
DATE
REVISION
NUMBER
DESCRIPTION
01/07/2005
00-A
New Technical Basis Document for Pinellas Site External Dose.
Initiated by Mark D. Notich.
06/20/2005
00-B
Incorporates Task 5 review comments. Initiated by Mark D. Notich.
08/15/2005
00-C
Incorporates OCAS review comments. Initiated by Mark D. Notich.
08/22/2005
00-D
Incorporates additional OCAS review comments. Initiated by Mark
D. Notich.
09/07/2005
00-E
Incorporates further OCAS review comments and adds Paul
Demopoulos to list of subject experts. Initiated by Mark D. Notich.
09/15/2005
00
First approved issue. Training required: As determined by the Task
Manager. Initiated by Mark D. Notich. Document No. ORAUT-TKBS-0029-6
Revision No. 00
Effective Date: 09/15//2005
Page 3 of 41

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Section
Page
Publication Record.................................................................................................................................... 2

Acronyms and Abbreviations .................................................................................................................... 5

6.1

Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 6

6.1.1

Sources of Radiation ........................................................................................................... 7

6.1.2

Occupational Dosimetry Program Overview ....................................................................... 9

6.2

Dose Reconstruction Parameters ................................................................................................. 10

6.2.1

Historical Administrative Practices .................................................................................... 10

6.2.1.1

Performance Testing .......................................................................................... 13

6.2.1.2

Reports................................................................................................................ 13

6.2.2

Dosimetry Technology....................................................................................................... 13

6.2.3

Dosimetry Calibration Practices ........................................................................................ 14

6.2.4

Workplace Radiation Fields ............................................................................................... 16

6.2.4.1

Beta-Gamma Exposures .................................................................................... 18

6.2.4.2

Neutron Exposures ............................................................................................. 19

6.3

Adjustments to Recorded Dose..................................................................................................... 20

6.3.1

Photon Dose Adjustments ................................................................................................. 22

6.3.2

Neutron Dose Adjustments................................................................................................ 22

6.3.3

Beta Dose Adjustments ..................................................................................................... 23

6.4

Missed Dose.................................................................................................................................. 23

6.4.1

Photon and Beta Missed Dose.......................................................................................... 23

6.4.1.1

Missed Dose by Facility or Location................................................................... 24

6.4.1.2

Missed Dose by Dosimeter Type and Year ....................................................... 25

6.4.1.3

Missed Dose by Energy Range .......................................................................... 25

6.4.2

Neutron Missed Dose........................................................................................................ 25

6.4.2.1

Missed Dose by Dosimeter Type and Year ....................................................... 26

6.5

Uncertainty ..................................................................................................................................... 26

References.............................................................................................................................................. 28

Glossary.................................................................................................................................................. 32

Attachment A

Examples of Pinellas Plant Exposure Records................................................. 37

Document No. ORAUT-TKBS-0029-6
Revision No. 00
Effective Date: 09/15//2005
Page 4 of 41

LIST OF TABLES
Table
Page
6-1

X-ray producing equipment .......................................................................................................... 8

6-2

Personnel radiation dosimetry from AEC annual reports ............................................................ 9

6-3

Pinellas Plant historical dosimetry events .................................................................................. 10

6-4

Dosimetry used at Pinellas Plant for external whole-body, wrist and extremity
exposures ................................................................................................................................... 15

6-5

Minimum Detectable Level (MDL) and Maximum Potential Missed Photon or
Beta Dose................................................................................................................................... 16

6-6

Radionuclides contributing to workplace radiation fields ........................................................... 17

6-7

Beta and photon radiation energies and percentages for Pinellas Plant
processes.................................................................................................................................... 18

6-8

Selection of neutron radiation energies for Pinellas Plant processes ....................................... 19

6-9

Internal and external doses among Pinellas claimants (mrem)................................................. 21

6-10

Selection of neutron radiation energies and associated dose fractions for the
RTG building 400 Pinellas Plant processes............................................................................... 23

6-11

Photon and beta dosimetry missed dose by facility or location ................................................. 24

6-12

Neutron dosimetry missed dose by facility or location............................................................... 26



LIST OF FIGURES
Figure
Page
6-1

Regenerated example of a Landauer dosimetry report from the 1970s.................................... 12

6-2

RTG Plutonium Source Neutron Energy Spectrum PuO
2
Microspheres ............................... 20

Document No. ORAUT-TKBS-0029-6
Revision No. 00
Effective Date: 09/15//2005
Page 5 of 41

ACRONYMS AND ABBREVI ATIONS
AEC
U.S. Atomic Energy Commission
ALARA
as low as reasonably achievable
ANSI
American National Standards Institute
CFR
Code of Federal Regulations
DOE
U.S. Department of Energy
DOELAP
U.S. Department of Energys Laboratory Accreditation Program
EEOICPA
Energy Employees Occupational Illness Compensation Program Act of 2000
GEND
General Electric Aerospace, Neutron Devices
HSR
General Electric Health and Safety Record system
MDL
Minimum Detection Level
NIOSH
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
NOCTS
NIOSH Office of Compensation Analysis and Support (OCAS) Claims Tracking System
NTA
nuclear emulsion type A film neutron dosimeter
OCAS
NIOSH Office of Compensation Analysis and Support
QA
Quality Assurance
RBE
relative biological effectiveness
RGD
radiation generating device
RTG
radioisotopic thermoelectric generator
TBD
technical basis document
TLD
thermoluminescent dosimeter
U.S.C.
United States Code
XRE
X-ray emission units
XRD
X-ray diffraction units Document No. ORAUT-TKBS-0029-6
Revision No. 00
Effective Date: 09/15//2005
Page 6 of 41

6.1
INTRODUCTION
Technical Basis Documents (TBDs) and Site Profile Documents are general working documents that
provide guidance concerning the preparation of dose reconstructions at particular sites or ca