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Supreme Court of the United States No. 07-290
================================================================

In The
Supreme Court of the United States
--------------------------------- ---------------------------------
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA AND ADRIAN M. FENTY,
MAYOR OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA,
Petitioners,
v.
DICK ANTHONY HELLER,
Respondent.
--------------------------------- ---------------------------------
On Writ Of Certiorari To The
United States Court Of Appeals
For The District Of Columbia Circuit
--------------------------------- ---------------------------------
BRIEF OF AMICI CURIAE
SOUTHEASTERN LEGAL FOUNDATION, INC.,
SECOND AMENDMENT SISTERS, INC.,
WOMEN AGAINST GUN CONTROL, 60 PLUS
ASSOCIATION, INC., ROBERT B. SMITH, J.D.,
CHRISTIE DAVIES, M.A., Ph.D., JOE MICHAEL
COBB, AND MRS. MINNIE LEE FAULKNER
IN SUPPORT OF RESPONDENT
--------------------------------- ---------------------------------
S
HANNON
L
EE
G
OESSLING

Counsel of Record
S
TEPHEN
D
ANA
M
ORRISON
J
R
.
S
OUTHEASTERN
L
EGAL

F
OUNDATION
, I
NC
.
6100 Lake Forrest Drive, N.W.
Suite 520
Atlanta, Georgia 30328
(404) 257-9667
February 11, 2008
Counsel for Amici Curiae
================================================================
COCKLE LAW BRIEF PRINTING CO. (800) 225-6964
OR CALL COLLECT (402) 342-2831 i

QUESTION PRESENTED


Whether the following provisions D.C. Code
§§ 7-2502.02(a)(4), 22-4504(a), and 7-2507.02 violate
the Second Amendment rights of individuals who are
not affiliated with any state-regulated militia, but
who wish to keep handguns and other firearms for
private use in their homes? ii

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page

QUESTION PRESENTED..................................... i
TABLE OF CONTENTS......................................... ii
TABLE OF AUTHORITIES ................................... v
INTERESTS OF AMICI CURIAE ......................... 1
SUMMARY OF ARGUMENT ................................ 3
ARGUMENT........................................................... 5
I.


The
Brief s Structure ...................................
5
II. Empirical Research Illustrates the Use of
the Individual Right of Armed Self-Defense
Embodied In the Second Amendment for
the Benefit of Women, the Elderly and the
Physically Disabled...................................... 7
A. Empirical Research Supports the Com-
mon Sense Argument That the Use of
Handguns Protects Women, the Eld-
erly and the Physically Disabled from
Greater Physical Threat........................
7
B. The Amici Curiae Brief Filed By Vio-
lence Policy Center in Support of Ap-
pellants Incorrectly Characterizes the
Value of the Handgun as an Effective
Means of Self-Defense ........................... 17
III.

The Historical Context of the Second
Amendment Conclusively Demonstrates
the Preexisting Right of Personal Armed
Self-Defense ................................................. 22 iii

TABLE OF CONTENTS Continued
Page


IV.


Anecdotal Evidence and Declarations
Illustrate the Critical Importance of the
Individual Right of Armed Self-Defense
Embodied In the Second Amendment for
Women, the Elderly and the Physically
Disabled........................................................ 25
A. Recent Anecdotes Effectively Illustrate
the Importance of the Personal Right
of Armed Self-Defense for Women, the
Elderly and the Physically Disabled .... 25
1. Home Invasions ................................ 26
2. Parking Lot Incidents ...................... 34
B. Nancy Hart and Minnie Lee Faulkner:
Historical and Present Day Illustra-
tions of How Firearms Deter Assail-
ants ........................................................ 36
1. Nancy Hart: Revolutionary War No-
table Used Firearms for Personal
and Family Security......................... 36
2. Minnie Lee Faulkner: A Modern Il-
lustration That the Use of a Fire-
arm Deters an Attacker ................... 38
CONCLUSION ....................................................... 40
APPENDIX
Declaration of Massad F. Ayoob .......................... App. 1
Declaration of Judith Kuntz ............................. App. 19
Declaration of Theresa M. Wachowiak ............. App. 21 iv

TABLE OF CONTENTS Continued
Page

Declaration of James H. Workman, Jr.............. App. 24
Declaration of Minnie Lee Faulkner ................ App. 26 v

TABLE OF AUTHORITIES
Page

C
ASES

DeShaney v. Winnebago County Department of
Social Services, 489 U.S. 189 (1989) ......................24
District of Columbia, et al. v. Dick Anthony
Heller, No. 07-290, Brief of Violence Policy
Center, et al. as Amici Curiae Supporting
Petitioners (January 11, 2008) ...............................17
District of Columbia, et al. v. Dick Anthony
Heller, No. 07-290, Brief for International
Law Enforcement Educators and Trainers
Association, et al. as Amici Curiae Support-
ing Respondents (February 11, 2008) ....................14
Kasler v. Lockyer, 23 Cal. 4th 472 (2000) ..................23
Warren v. District of Columbia, 444 A.2d 1
(D.C. Appeals 1981).................................................24

C
ONSTITUTIONAL
A
MENDMENTS

U.S. C
ONST
. amend. II ........................................ passim

B
OOKS

AND
S
CHOLARLY
J
OURNALS

2 W
ILLIAM
B
LACKSTONE
, C
OMMENTARIES
(1976)..........23
Ayoob, Massad F., In the Gravest Extreme, The
Role of the Firearm in Personal Protection 47
(Massad F. and Dorothy A. Ayoob 1980)...........19, 20
Bird, Chris, The Concealed Handgun Manual:
How to Choose, Carry and Shoot a Gun in
Self Defense (2007) ......................................17, 18, 19 vi

TABLE OF AUTHORITIES Continued
Page

Bordua, D.J. and Lizotte, A.J., A Subcultural
Model Of Firearms Ownership In Illinois,
L
AW

AND
P
OLICY
Q
UARTERLY
, 2 (1979) .....................10
Bureau of the Census, U.S. Dept of Commerce,
Statistical Abstract of the United States 108
(107th ed. 1987).........................................................8
Dyer, Kenneth F., Challenging the Men: The
Social Biology of Female Sporting Achievement
(1982) .....................................................................7, 8
T
HE
F
EDERALIST
N
O
. 46 (James Madison)....................5
Kates, Don B., Firearms and Violence: Old
Premises, Current Evidence, Violence in
America, Vol. 1 (T. Gurr ed. 1989) ..........................16
Kleck, Gary, Crime Control Through the Private
Use of Armed Force, S
OCIAL
P
ROBLEMS
, Vol.
35, No. 1 (February 1988) .................................11, 15
Kleck, Gary & Mark Gertz, Armed Resistance
to Crime: The Prevalence And Nature Of Self-
Defense With A Gun, T
HE
J
OURNAL

OF

C
RIMINAL
L
AW

AND
C
RIMINOLOGY
, Vol. 86, No.
1 (1995) ........................................................13, 14, 15
Kleck, Gary & Mark Gertz, Carrying Guns for
Protection: Results from the National Self-
Defense Survey, J
OURNAL

OF
R
ESEARCH

IN

C
RIME

AND
D
ELINQUENCY
, Vol. 35, No. 2 (May,
1998) ........................................................................14
Kleck, Gary, Policy Lessons From Recent Gun
Control Research, L
AW

AND
C
ONTEMPORARY

P
ROBLEMS
, Vol. 49, No. 1 (Winter, 1986).................12 vii

TABLE OF AUTHORITIES Continued
Page

Kleck, Gary, Targeting Guns: Firearms and
Their Control (Aldine de Gruyter 1997).................13
Larish, Inge Anna, Why Annie Cant Get Her
Gun: A Feminist Perspective on the Second
Amendment, 1996 U. I
LL
.
L. R
EV
. 467 (1996)....7, 8, 9
Lizotte, Allan J., Determinants of Completing
Rape and Assault, J
OURNAL

OF
Q
UANTITATIVE

C
RIMINOLOGY
, 2 (1986).............................................11
Lizotte, Allan J., D.J Bordua & C.S. White,
Firearms Ownership For Sport And Protection:
Two Not So Divergent Models, A
MERICAN

S
OCIOLOGICAL
R
EVIEW
, 46 (1981).............................10
Lizotte, Allan J., & D.J. Bordua, Firearms
Ownership For Sport And Protection: Two
Divergent Models, A
MERICAN
S
OCIOLOGICAL

R
EVIEW
, 45 (1980) ....................................................10
McCullar, Bernice, This is Your Georgia 284
(The American Southern Publishing Company
1966) ..................................................................36, 37
Ouzts, Clay, Nancy Hart (ca. 1735-1830), History
and Archeology, The New Georgia Encyclo-
pedia, http://www.newgeorgiaencyclopedia.
org/nge/Article.jsp?id=h-2876&hl=y (last vis-
ited February 7, 2008) ......................................36, 37
Rogers, Loula Kendall, A True Story of Nancy
Hart, A
TLANTA
J
OURNAL
, October 14, 1901.............36 viii

TABLE OF AUTHORITIES Continued
Page

Stone, Sh