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Waterdeltas

Water is a POLAR molecule, a dipole

Positive

pole

Negative

pole

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amideWater

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R= any group of atoms

(the r</span><span style=" font-family: 'Arial';
font-size: 20pt; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none;
">est of the molecule)

amide3

R-CONH</span><span style=" font-family: 'Arial'; font-size: 16pt; font-weight: bold;
font-style: normal; text-decoration: none;">2 is an amide,       -CONH</span><span
style=" font-family: 'Arial'; font-size: 16pt; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal;
text-decoration: none;">2 is an amide group

                                                  (another functional group)

Note: Dont break down the amide into a C=O and an NH<sub>2; the
whole thing is one functional group, the amide. It is highly polar but
with no full charges

Note: carbon atoms always make 4 bonds

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an amide

ethanol, an alcohol

They face formidable competition from water

Hydrogen bonds between 2 organic molecules

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CH_3-CH</span><span style=" font-family: 'Arial'; font-size: 18pt;
font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none;">_2-CH2-CH</span><span
style=" font-family: 'Arial'; font-size: 18pt; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal;
text-decoration: none;">_2-CH</span><span style=" font-family: 'Arial'; font-size: 18pt;
font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none;">_2-CH</span><span
style=" font-family: 'Arial'; font-size: 18pt; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal;
text-decoration: none;">_2-CH</span><span style=" font-family: 'Arial'; font-size: 18pt;
font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none;">_2-CH</span><span
style=" font-family: 'Arial'; font-size: 18pt; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal;
text-decoration: none;"><sub>3

X

Not all molecules are polar; e.g. octane, a non-polar, or
a</sub></span><span
style=" font-family: 'Arial'; font-size: 18pt; font-weight: normal;
font-style: normal; text-decoration: none;"><sub>polar

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Chemical Bonds

    Bond:

  

Energy needed to break:

  Comments:

Strength class-ification:

Covalent

~100

kcal/mole

Electrons

shared

strong

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1
calorie = amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram
of water (1 cc or ml. of water) one degree C


1 C</span><span style=" font-family: 'Arial';
font-size: 20pt; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none;
">alorie = dietary calorie = 1000 calories