action is taken, annual CO
2
emissions
will rise to about 85 gigatons by the year 2050.
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
2000
2020
2040 2050
Worldwide CO
2
emissions
(in gigatons per year)
42 Gt
85 Gt
Climate change, resource depletion,
urbanization
1950
1975
2000
2015
2025
2050
2.5
4.1
6.1
7.3
8.0
9.2
World population (in billions)
4 Behind those key words are key questions
which demand answers: How can we cut
CO
2
emissions to avoid a climate collapse?
What impact do the cities have and how
can they do their bit for the worlds cli-
mate? How can we prevent the cata-
strophic depletion of our limited fossil
energy resources?
Climate change the facts
Right now, the worlds human population
is using up 25% more natural resources
than the earth can yield at a sustainable
rate. The world climate report from the
United Nations clearly shows the conse-
quences of climate change caused by the
greenhouse effect. Weather patterns can
suddenly change in different parts of the
world with serious implications for the
water supply in these regions. Another
worrying effect is the rise in sea levels
due to melting ice caps at the poles.
More than two-thirds of the greenhouse
gases responsible for climate change are
energy-induced. In other words, they are
caused by human energy consumption
arising from the production of electric
power and heat, or from the combustion
of fuel in transportation. Unless action
is taken annual energy-induced CO
2
emis-
sions the most significant greenhouse
gas will rise to around 85 gigatons by
the year 2050.
Focus on the city
Two major trends demographic change
and urbanization are driving these dis-
turbing developments. The world popula-
tion is rising sharply. According to the
latest estimates from the United Nations,
world population will reach approximately
7.3 billion by 2015. This population
explosion will be accompanied by an
expansion in economic activity across the
globe the production, transportation,
and consumption of ever more commodi-
ties and goods. Global economic activity
has a two-pronged effect on the environ-
ment: the depletion of natural resources
and the production of climate-damaging
exhaust gases.
Cities are one of the main culprits in all
of this. Although they take up only 0.4%
of the earths surface, they are responsible
for about 80% of climate-damaging ex-
haust gases. The United Nations expects
urban populations to rise drastically.
Since 2007, the number of city dwellers
is about the same as the numbers living
in the country. Urban populations are
expected to rise to 60 percent in 2030.
The challenge posed by climate change
cannot be avoided. We must take mea-
sures to sustain the environment, to re-
duce the impact and to halt the irrespon-
sible consumption of natural resources.
What we need is: efficiency.
Africa
Asia
Europe
South
America
North
America
15
25
36
48
17
24
37
51
51
66
72
77
44
64
79
87
64
74
79
86
Urban population in percent
1950
1975
2000
2025
Source: UN 2006
The spread of urbanization calls for
sustainable infrastructure solutions,
especially in the field of transporta-
tion, to ensure the competitiveness
and attractiveness of urban regions.
0 20 40 60 80 100%
5 Non-energy related GHG emissions
(agriculture and forestry)
Energy-related GHG emissions
(especially CO
2
)
18 Gt
26 Gt
44 Gt CO
2
e
Total GHG
emissions
Transportation-related
GHG emissions
5.3 Gt CO
2
e
Road 76%
Aviation 12%
Water 10%
Rail 2%
5.3 Gt
Energy-efficient technologies for
long-term environmental compatibility
Of all modes of transportation, the railways contribute by far the smallest component to the roughly 26 gigatons of the
annual energy-related CO
2
equivalents (CO
2
e) of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions which can be directly influenced by the
Siemens portfolio.
Source: IEA World Energy Outlook, Vattenfall, Siemens
6 econ
sense
Forum for Sustainable Development
of German Business
With its innovative product range Siemens
is doing its part in conserving natural
resources. When it comes to the genera-
tion, distribution and use of electricity,
energy-efficient technologies from
Siemens are very sparing in their use of
energy reserves such as mineral oil, coal
and natural gas, while at the same time
cutting greenhouse gas emissions.
Global responsibility
Siemens takes its global responsibility
very seriously and is actively engaged in
promoting a sustainable global business
environment. Evidence of this proactive
stance can be seen in its participation in
numerous international organizations,
its listing in the Dow Jones Sustainability
Index and not to forget the global
certification of Siemens environmental,
health and safety standards. For more
information on environmental protection
at Siemens, see
www.siemens.com/environment
Energy-efficient products and solutions
Among the many energy-efficient solu-
tions that Siemens has to offer are power
plants with efficiency factors of over 60%,
energy-saving power transmission sys-
tems, electric motors, luminaries, indus-
trial plant, transportation systems, and
many more. The Siemens portfolio can
directly impact some 26 gigatons of the
total global 44 gigatons of CO
2
equiva-
lents. 5.3 gigatons of that total are pro-
duced by transportation, to which the
rail contributes only 2% the smallest
component. And theres a qualitative
aspect as well: transporting freight and
passengers by rail is the most environ-
ment-friendly form of mobility. Our
Velaro high speed train, for example,
runs on the equivalent of only 2 liters
of gasoline per seat and 100 km at 50%
passenger load.
Green mobility
As world-class railway systems supplier,
Siemens Transportation Systems offers a
wide range of rolling stock, components
and rail automation and electrification
solutions for environmentally compatible
rail-based modes.
Railways an attractive and clean
alternative
A number of factors play an important
role when it comes to making railways
attractive and ensuring that even more
people and freight will be carried by rail
in future. For example, dependable and
punctual connections, user-friendly
design, safety and security on the trains,
in the stations and during operation, ease
of maintenance and low lifecycle costs.
No less important is the smooth interac-
tion of all modes of transportation made
possible by integrated, intermodal mobility
solutions.
We offer leading-edge technologies to
support these solutions technologies
based on 160 years of experience in
transportation and railway systems.
UITP Charter on Sustainable Development
7 Complete mobility
Green mobility
By increasing the transport capacities and
availability of rail vehicles. By installing
fully automated systems that can adjust
more flexibly to changing demand.
Commuter & Intercity Transport
We connect congested urban areas and
make it easy for people to transfer to
other attractive means of transportation.
Millions of people around the world are
leaving the car at home to take the train.
Thus rail is making a real and vital contri-
bution to habitat protection and making
city centers and regions equally good
places to live in.
Airport Links & People Movers
Airport links and people movers built by
Siemens are providing convenient and
reliable connections not only to and from,
but also within airports. They are eco-
nomically efficient, comfortable and have
a very low carbon footprint.
No matter whether you need a metro,
regional train, maglev or driverless peo-
ple mover system: our mobility solutions
are tailor-made to meet all your transpor-
tation needs.
Main Line & High Speed
We set standards for efficiency, environ-
mental protection, and reliability and
safety with our state-of-the-art trainsets
for long-distance travel and high-speed
connections. For distances up to 500 km,
for instance, a Velaro train emits only
about one-third of the quantity of CO
2

that an airplane does and the overall
journey time is shorter.
Freight & Traction
High performance and flexibility are the
critical metrics for freight transport. We
are ahead of the pack in this field thanks
to our cargo management systems and
locomotive platforms. Take, for example,
our multi-system electric locomotives for
cross-border transport and our very quiet
and energy-efficient diesel locomotives
that meet low emission requirements.
We take a balanced holistic approach to
rail-based mobility from mass transit to
regional to main-line services for people
and goods. We have positioned our prod-
uct portfolio to meet the needs of trans-
portation and logistics operators. They
are the ones who make sure people and
goods are transported safely and swiftly
be it across cities, within regions or over
long distances. Reliability, safety, attrac-
tiveness and efficiency are our top priori-
ties and benefit the operators and the
environment.
Mega Cities & Urban Transport
Especially critical to the economic success
and the future of urban centers is the
traffic network. The development of com-
petitiveness, quality of life and environ-
mental protection in urban areas is
unthinkable without a functioning mass