Handbook of Industrial Spray Nozzles and Accessories
Making spraying more efficient worldwide
Handbook of
Industrial Spray
Nozzles and
Accessories
SECTION 1
NOZZLE FEATURES
Control of Liquid Flow
Atomisation
Spray Angle and Coverage
Impact
Summary - Nozzle Performance
SECTION 2
NOZZLES FOR EVERY APPLCATION
Application Guide
The Lurmark Spray Nozzle Range
SECTION 3
NOZZLE ASSEMBLY
Nozzle Holders
Nozzle Filters
Cap Nuts
SECTION 4
SPRAY ACCESSORIES
Pumps
Filters
Pipes and Fittings
Valves and Controls
Pressure Gauges
Pedestrian Sprayers
An Introduction
to Lurmark
Lurmark offers you the benefits of
50 years experience in the
manufacture and provision of
precision-engineered spray nozzles
and ancillary equipment. In this time
we have built up an enviable world-
wide reputation for the quality and
reliability of the products we sell.
Our technical support teams offer a
service of application design and
technical advice which is recognised
as one of the industrys best.
Lurmark is part of the Hypro
Corporation, a Wicor Company,
based in Minnesota, USA. Hypro
manufactures pumps in the USAand
markets its products to a wide range
of industries worldwide.
Since Lurmarks aquisition by the
Hypro Corporation at the end of
December 1999, we have taken the
opportunity to expand our product
range and become a one-stop shop
for all your spraying requirements. We
can provide everything from pumps to
fittings, valves, controls and of course
spray nozzles - all the products
needed to make spraying more
efficient worldwide.
This handbook supplies useful
technical information about our
nozzles and gives details of the range
of products that we can supply. The
part numbers which are given for each
product and the ordering system
shown overleaf make ordering easy
and problem free.
Lurmark Limited
Longstanton . Cambridge CB4 5DS
Tel: +44(0) 1954 260097 . Fax: +44(0) 1954 260245
e-mail indsales@lurmark.com
www.lurmark.com
Making spraying more efficient worldwide Ordering
Information
If you would like some
assistance in selecting a
product or ordering an
item, then simply
contact us here at
Lurmark using one of
the methods shown
under Order and
Helplines.
Technical advice is
freely available from our
experts. To enable them
to select the right nozzle
to optimise your spray
application, it would be
helpful if you can pro-
vide the following infor-
mation.
1. Your specific spray
application requirement.
2. Liquid to be sprayed.
3. Temperature at which
application is to be made
4. Viscosity at spraying
temperature (centipoises
or other stated units).
5. Specific gravity or den-
sity at spraying tempera-
ture (g/cm
3
)
6. Surface tension (if
known)
7. Any suspensions?
8. Flow rate required
(L/min, L/h or other)
9. Pressure available
(psi, bar, or other units).
10. Spray pattern
required (Flat fan, full
cone, hollow cone, air
atomising).
11. Spray Impact required
(High - Medium - Low).
12. Droplet size required
(Coarse - Medium - Fine).
13. Preferred nozzle
material.
14. Preferred pipe
connection (Male or
Female and size).
15. Desired nozzle spacing
(metres or other units).
16. Distance from target
(metres or other units).
Order and
Helplines
Please quote part numbers
when ordering.
Shortfall or non-delivery
must be advised within 10
days from despatch date.
Goods are not accepted
for return without the prior
consent of the company.
A handling charge of 25%
will be levied on goods
accepted for return.
Lurmark have a minimum
order charge of £50:00.
Despatch is by post or
carrier to customers
request.
Orders are accepted
subject to the Lurmark
conditions of sale
(available on request).
Ordering by Credit Card
We offer a credit card
ordering service which
customers find easier
and more convenient to
process than conventional
invoicing methods.
Quality
Assurance
Lurmark operate a quality
management system
which is fully compliant
with the requirements of
BS EN ISO 9002:1994
and are currently working
in conjunction with BSI to
fully transfer to BS EN
ISO 9001:2000. Products
listed within this handbook
are not necessarily from
quality assured sources.
Customers should specify
their quality assurance
requirements when
placing orders.
Flow rate information is
based on the performance
obtained from the spray
nozzles when tested
using clean water at a
temperature of 13-18°C.
Flow rates are intended
as an approximate guide
to the performance that
may be expected when
spray nozzles are
operated under the
conditions indicated and
variations can occur,
particularly with liquids of
varying viscosity and
specific gravity.
Illustrations and
tabulated information
shown in this publication
are for guidance only.
Lurmark bears no
responsibility for the
misuse of the information
contained within this
handbook. For
applications requiring
critical data, Lurmarks
technical department will
be pleased to assist.
Information in this
publication is believed to
be correct at time of
going to press.
Lurmark reserves the
right to alter conditions
and specifications
without notice.
Lurmark and Hypro manufacturing plants in the United Kingdom and the USA
®
To place an order or for
general service inform-
ation contact our
Industrial Customer
Service Department on:
+44 (0) 1954 262315 or
+44 (0) 1954 262322
* e-mail our technical
experts on:
indsales@lurmark.co.uk
* Contact us via our
web site:
www.lurmark.com Section 1
Nozzle Features
Lurmark nozzles are designed to meet the
needs of a variety of applications. Each
nozzle style has its own set of characteristics
which determine the type of spray produced.
We hope that this section will give you a
better understanding of these characteristics
and how they effect spray patterns, velocity
and impact.
The Lurmark technical team is always
available to advise you.
Making spraying more efficient worldwide
5 CONTROL OF
LIQUID FLOW
The flow rate (capacity) of
a fluid through a nozzle is
affected by a number of
factors including pressure,
specific gravity and viscos-
ity of the fluid.
Pressure
Assuming that all factors
remain constant, increas-
ing pressure will result in
an increase in flow through
a nozzle.
For the majority of industri-
al nozzles, this is
expressed as:
Most Lurmark nozzles are
calibrated at 3 bar pres-
sure with water, however,
should you require the flow
rate of a nozzle at a spe-
cific pressure, please con-
sult us at Lurmark and we
will be happy to calibrate
your nozzle under labora-
tory conditions.
Movement of the liquid
through pipe and fittings
will create resistance in
the flow of liquid towards
the nozzle and as a result,
pressure loss will occur.
To ensure that the correct
pressure is maintained at
the spray tip the pipe must
be of adequate diameter
(see Table 2) and pressure
losses must be taken into
account when designing
systems (see page 47).
Specific Gravity
The specific gravity or
density of a liquid repre-
sents the ratio of a mass
of given volume of liquid to
the mass of the same
volume of water, i.e.:
Generally, the higher the
specific gravity of a liquid
the smaller the flow rate of
liquid through the nozzle.
The following conversion
factors can be used to
calculate specific gravity
effects (Table 1).
Table1
Viscosity
The viscosity of a liquid is
a measure of the extent to
which the liquid resists a
tendency to flow. In gen-
eral, increased pressure is
required to atomise more
viscous liquids resulting in
sprays with a smaller
angle compared with water
alone.
Nozzle design governs the
extent of this effect, but in
general, as viscosity
increases, so the flow rate
of hollow and full cone
nozzles is increased
and conversely, the flow of
flat sprays are decreased.
Surface Tension
Surface tension is the con-
dition existing at the free
surface of a liquid resem-
bling the properties of an
elastic skin under tension.
This tension is a result of
the intermolecular forces
exerting an unbalanced
inward pull on the individ-
ual surface molecules.
Surface tension affects the
development of the liquid
sheet and hence directly
influences minimum oper-
ating pressures, droplet-
size and spray angle as
summarised on page 8.
Temperature
Temperature influences
liquid viscosity, specific
gravity and surface ten-
sion, and can affect the
performance of spray
through a nozzle. Data
presented in this hand-
book are based on water
only applications at room
temperature - for more
extreme conditions, please
consult Lurmark.
Atomisation
Droplet formation (atomi-
sation) begins when a liq-
uid is forced through a
hydraulic nozzle under
pressure so that the liquid
forms a thin sheet that
subsequently breaks-up
into droplets. Each nozzle
produces a range of
droplet-sizes, known as
the droplet spectra or
drop-size distribution.
Droplet-size is measured
in microns (µm).
In general, the range of
droplets produce