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CLS 1113 

Introduction to Clinical Laboratory Practices

Specific Gravity

The Reagent Test Strip

Specific Gravity (Chapter 5&6)

S.G. is a measure of the density (weight) of dissolved particles in
the urine

Assesses the kidneys ability to reabsorb water and
essential minerals

Also shows patient hydration
Weight of urine / Weight of water

Specific Gravity

Normal range  1.005 to 1.025


SG <1.002 or >1.040 are not physiologically possible


Measured by reagent test strip or refractometer

Interference with SG tests

Glucose and Protein are actively REABSORBED in the nephron.


Their presence has nothing to do with the concentrating ability of
the kidney. 


If they are present in large amounts, they must be corrected for.



For each gram/deciliter of protein subtract .003 from the specific
gravity.
For each gram/deciliter of glucose subtract .004 from the specific
gravity.
Example:

2
gm/dl Glucose  -    .008
3
gm/dl Protein  -    .009
Specific
Gravity  = 1.052
Correction   -   
.017
Corrected
SG      = 1.035

Specific Gravity

High S.G.

dehydration
high levels of glucose or protein
x-ray contrast media or dye