Maine School Administrative District #41 Penquis Valley Schools
Science and Technology - Grade 10 Biology (1 Semester)
I = Introduce/Practice E = Expand/Practice M = Mastery R = Review/Reinforce CONTENT STANDARD A. CLASSIFYING LIFE FORMS Students will understand that there are similarities within the diversity of all living things. Performance Indicators Students will be able to: 1. Explain the role of DNA in resolving questions of relationship and evolutionary change. Key Learnings: (skills and concepts) a. Diagram the structure of the DNA molecule. b. Explain how DNA makes genes chromosomes. c. Demonstrate how chromosomes change mutations. 2. Describe similarities and differences among organisms within each level of the taxonomic system for classifying organisms (kingdom through species). Key Learnings: (skills and concepts) a. Use a taxonomy key to construct the entire taxa for a given species. b. Recall the names of the seven taxa in proper sequence. I E E E I Revised 3/22/02 Science & Technology Grade 10 ­ Biology (1 Semester) 3. Analyze the basic characteristics of living things, including their need for food, water, and gases and the ability to reproduce. Key Learnings: (skills and concepts) a. Determine how each different organisms acquire food, water, and oxygen. b. Compare the various structures organisms have to carry out the above functions. c. Compare types of reproduction: asexual and sexual. CONTENT STANDARD B. ECOLOGY Students will understand how living things depend on one another and on non-living aspects of the environment. Performance Indicators Students will be able to: 1. Illustrate the cycles of matter in the environment and explain their interrelationships. Key Learnings: (skills and concepts) a. Construct diagrams of the water, nitrogen, carbon dioxide cycles, etc. b. Explain the importance and interrelationships of the cycles and organisms in the environment. 2. Compare the process of photosynthesis and respiration, and describe the factors that affect them. Key Learnings: (skills and concepts) a. Explain the relationship between photosynthesis and respiration. b. Describe the chemical equations showing the two processes. 3. Analyze the factors that affect population size (e.g., reproductive and survival rates). Key Learnings: (skills and concepts) a. Discuss how natality, mortality, physical and biological factors affect population size. b. Define each factor.
2 E E M I Science & Technology Grade 10 ­ Biology (1 Semester) 4. Analyze the impact of human and other activities on the type and pace of change in ecosystems. Key Learnings: (skills and concepts) a. Determine human's role in ecosystem change. b. Understand that human activity has changed the ecosystem. CONTENT STANDARD C. CELLS Students will understand that cells are the basic units of life. Performance Indicators Students will be able to: 1. Relate the parts of a cell to its function. Key Learnings: (skills and concepts) a. State the function of each organelle in the cell. 2. Illustrate how cells replicate and transmit information, including the roles of DNA and RNA. Key Learnings: (skills and concepts) a. Demonstrate how DNA goes through replication. b. Understand how DNA in the nucleus communicates with other parts of the cell. 3. Discuss the function of the important "molecules of life" ­ proteins (including enzymes and hormones), carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids. Key Learnings: (skills and concepts) a. Understand the atoms that make up the molecules of life. b. State the importance of "molecules of life" in carrying out life functions. 4. Explain how the human body protects itself against disease and how the body might lose that ability. Key Learnings: (skills and concepts) a. Explain how the body makes antibodies. b. Discuss how antibody production could be altered. E I E M E 3 Science & Technology Grade 10 ­ Biology (1 Semester) 5. Analyze and debate basic principles of genetic engineering: how it is done, its uses, and some ethical implications. Key Learnings: (skills and concepts) a. Understand the key principles of genetic engineering. b. Determine the importance of genetic engineering. CONTENT STANDARD D. CONTINUITY AND CHANGE Students will understand the basis for all life and that all living things change over time. Performance Indicators Students will be able to: 1. Explain how mutations can be caused by gene mutation or chromosomal alteration and describe the possible results of such mutations on individuals or populations. Key Learnings: (skills and concepts) a. Explain how chromosomes alter and cause mutations. c. State the importance of mutations in affecting species, population and evolution. 2. Describe why the offspring of sexually reproducing species have different survival rates than those of asexually reproducing species under a variety of conditions. Describe the advantages and disadvantages of each. Key Learnings: (skills and concepts) a. Determine the importance of both methods of reproduction in continuing a species. 3. Explain and document the importance of relatively short-term changes (e.g., one generation) on a species' survival. Key Learnings: (skills and concepts) a. Discuss how the changes in genes affect the perpetuation of a species. I E M E 4 Science & Technology Grade 10 ­ Biology (1 Semester) 4. Describe how genetic manipulation can cause unusually rapid changes in species. Key Learnings: (skills and concepts) a. Explain the concept of artificial selection and how it affects a species. b. Recognize the benefits of artificial selection. 5. Compare and contrast fertilization, zygote formation, and embryo development in humans and other species. Key Learnings: (skills and concepts) a. Distinguish the process and importance of each step of embryonic development. b. Relate the similarities of embryonic development among organisms and relate it to evolution. 6. Analyze a theory scientists use to explain the origin of life. Key Learnings: (skills and concepts) a. Compare and contrast theories of evolution. b. Examine the factors formulating evolution theories. 7. Explain both the evidence used to develop the geologic time scale and why an awareness of geologic time is important to an understanding of the process of change in the universe as well as on earth. Key Learnings: (skills and concepts) a. Identify how organisms developed. b. Compare the time periods organisms existed on earth. E I I I E 5 Science & Technology Grade 10 ­ Biology (1 Semester) CONTENT STANDARD E. STRUCTURE OF MATTER Students will understand that the structure of matter and the changes it can undergo. Performance Indicators Students will be able to: 1. Trace the development of models of the atom to the present and describe how each model reflects the scientific understanding of their time. Key Learnings: (skills and concepts) a. Not applicable see Grade 9 Chemistry 2. Analyze how matter is affected by changes in temperature, pressure, and volume. Key Learnings: (skills and concepts) a. Not applicable see Grade 9 Chemistry 3. Describe the characteristics and behavior of acids and bases. Key Learnings: (skills and concepts) a. Not applicable see Grade 9 Chemistry 4. Describe an application of the Law of Conservation of Matter. Key Learnings: (skills and concepts) a. Not applicable see Grade 9 Chemistry 5. Describe how atoms are joined by chemical bonding. Key Learnings: (skills and concepts) a. Not applicable see Grade 9 Chemistry 6. Compare the physical and chemical characteristics of elements. Key Learnings: (skills and concepts) a. Not applicable see Grade 9 Chemistry 7. Describe nuclear reactions, including fusion, fission, and decay, their occurrences in nature, and how they can be used by humans. Key Learnings: (skills and concepts) a. Not applicable see Grade 9 Chemistry
6 Science & Technology Grade 10 ­ Biology (1 Semester) CONTENT STANDARD F. THE EARTH Students will gain knowledge about the earth and the processes that change it. Performance Indicators Students will be able to: 1. Describe how air pressure, temperature, and moisture interact to cause changes in the weather. Key Learnings: (skills and concepts) a. Not applicable see Grade 9 Earth Science. 2. Analyze potential effects of changes in the earth's oceans and atmosphere. Key Learnings: (skills and concepts) a. Not applicable see Grade 9 Earth Science. 3. Describe the impact of plate movement and erosion on the rock cycle. Key Learnings: (skills and concepts) a. Not applicable see Grade 9 Earth Science. 4. Describe ways that scientists measure long periods of time and determine the age of very old objects. Key Learnings: (skills and concepts) a. Not applicable see Grade 9 Earth Science. 5. Demonstrate how rocks and minerals are used to determine geologic history. Key Learnings: (skills and concepts) a. Not applicable see Grade 9 Earth Science. 6. Analyze the changes in continental position and the evidence that supports the concept of tectonic plates. Key Learnings: (skills and concepts) a. Not applicable see Grade 9 Earth Science. 7 Science & Technology Grade 10 ­ Biology (1 Semester) CONTENT STANDARD G. THE UNIVERSE Students will gain knowledge about the universe and how humans have learned about it, and about the principles upon which it operates. Performance Indicators Students will be able to: 1. Describe how scientists gather data about the universe. Key Learnings: (skills and concepts) a. Not applicable see Grade 9 Earth Science. 2. Research current explanations for phenomena such as black holes and quasars. Key Learnings: (skills and concepts) a. Not applicable see Grade 9 Earth Science. 3. Explain how astronomers measure interstellar distances. Key Learnings: (skills and concepts) a. Not applicable see Grade 9 Earth Science. CONTENT STANDARD H. ENERGY Students will understand concepts of energy. Performances Indicators Students will be able to: 1. Analyze the evidence that leads scientist to conclude that light behaves somewhat like a wave and somewhat like a particle). Key Learnings: (skills and concepts) a. Not applicable see Grade 10 Physics. 2. Examine and describe how light is reflected and refracted (deflected) by mirrors and lenses. Key Learnings: (skills and concepts) a. Not applicable see Grade 10 Physics. 3. Explain or demonstrate how sound waves travel. Key Learnings: (skills and concepts) a. Not applicable see Grade 10 Physics.
8 Science & Technology Grade 10 ­ Biology (1 Semester) 4. Analyze the relationship between the kinetic and potential energy of a falling object. Key Learnings: (skills and concepts) a. Not applicable see Grade 10 Physics. 5. Use mathematics to describe the work and power in a system. Key Learnings: (skills and concepts) a. Not applicable see Grade 10 Physics. 6. Describe the relationship between matter and energy and how matter releases energy through the processes of nuclear fission and fusion. Key Learnings: (skills and concepts) a. Not applicable see Grade 10 Physics. 7. Use mathematics to describe and predict electrical and magnetic activity (e.g., current, resistance, voltage). Key Learnings: (skills and concepts) a. Not applicable see Grade 10 Physics. 8. Compare and contrast how conductors, semiconductors, and superconductors work and describe their present and potential uses. Key Learnings: (skills and concepts) a. Not applicable see Grade 10 Physics. 9. Demonstrate an understanding that energy can be found in chemical bonds and can be used when it is released from those bonds. Key Learnings: (skills and concepts) a. Apply the concept of energy being released from the breaking of bonds to explain energy release during respiration. E 9 Science & Technology Grade 10 ­ Biology (1 Semester) CONTENT STANDARD I. MOTION Students will understand the motion of objects and how forces can change that motion. Performance Indicators Students will be able to: 1. Use mathematics to describe the law of conservation of momentum. Key Learnings: (skills and concepts) a. Not applicable see Grade 10 Physics. 2. Explain some current theories of gravitational force. Key Learnings: (skills and concepts) a. Not applicable see Grade 10 Physics and Grade 9 Earth Science. 3. Use Newton's Laws to qualitatively and quantitatively describe the motion of objects. Key Learnings: (skills and concepts) a. Not applicable see Grade 10 Physics and Grade 9 Earth Science. 4. Describe how forces affect fluids (e.g., air and water). Key Learnings: (skills and concepts) a. Not applicable see Grade 9 Chemistry. 5. Explain the relationship between temperature, heat, and molecular motion. Key Learnings: (skills and concepts) a. Not applicable see Grade 10 Physics and Grade 9 Chemistry. 6. Describe how forces within and between atoms affect their behavior and the properties of matter. Key Learnings: (skills and concepts) a. Not applicable see Grade 10 Physics and Grade 9 Chemistry. 10 Science & Technology Grade 10 ­ Biology (1 Semester) CONTENT STANDARD J. INQUIRY AND PROBLEM SOLVING Students will apply inquiry and problem-solving approaches in science and technology. Performance Indicators Students will be able to: 1. Make accurate observations using appropriate tools and units of measure. Key Learnings: (skills and concepts) a. Use a triple-beam balance to weigh materials/objects to the nearest 0.1 g. b. Use graduated cylinder to measure liquid volume to the nearest 1.0 ml. c. Use a metric ruler to measure to the nearest 1.0 mm. 2. Verify, evaluate, and use results in a purposeful way. This includes analyzing and interpreting data, making predictions based on observed patterns, testing solutions against the original problem conditions, and formulating additional questions. Key Learnings: (skills and concepts) a. Employ the above skills using scientific method during lab activities. 3. Demonstrate the ability to use scientific inquiry and technological method with short term and long term investigations, recognizing that there is more than one way to solve a problem. Demonstrate knowledge of when to try different strategies. Key Learnings: (skills and concepts) a. Not applicable see Grade 10 Physics. 4. Design and construct a device to perform a specific function, then redesign for improvement (e.g., performance, cost). Key Learnings: (skills and concepts) a. Not applicable see Grade 10 Physics. M E 11 Science & Technology Grade 10 ­ Biology (1 Semester) CONTENT STANDARD K. SCIENTIFIC REASONING Students will learn to formulate and justify ideas and to make informed decisions. Performance Indicators Students will be able to: 1. Judge the accuracy of alternative explanations by identifying the evidence necessary to support them. Key Learnings: (skills and concepts) a. Test explanations by research experimentation and student discussion of ideas such as the treatment for heart disease between 1980 and the present. 2. Explain why agreement among people does not make an argument valid. Key Learnings: (skills and concepts) a. Question the reasoning behind an argument such as Copernicus' Law, the Germ Theory of Disease, or Mendel's Theory of Genetics. 3. Develop generalizations based on observations. Key Learnings: (skills and concepts) a. Formulate a conclusions after lab activities. 4. Determine when there is a need to revise studies in order to improve their validity through better sampling, controls or data analysis techniques. Key Learnings: (skills and concepts) a. Evaluate, categorize and formulate better methods or techniques to solve a problem by including an explanation of possible sources of error in lab experiments. 5. Produce inductive and deductive arguments to support conjecture. Key Learnings: (skills and concepts) a. Practice critical thinking exercises used by scientists in solving past problems such as the effects of having introduced new species into an environment like rabbits into Australia or starlings into the United States. I I E I I 12 Science & Technology Grade 10 ­ Biology (1 Semester) 6. Analyze situations where more than one logical conclusion can be drawn. Key Learnings: (skills and concepts) a. Determine the best conclusion from given data, such as the response stimulus of sow bugs to changes in their environment . CONTENT STANDARD L. COMMUNICATION Students will communicate effectively in the application of science and technology. Performance Indicators Students will be able to: 1. Analyze research or other literature for accuracy in design and findings of experiments. Key Learnings: (skills and concepts) a. Compile factual information pertaining to an experiment or problem. 2. Use journals and self-assessment to describe and analyze scientific and technological experiences and to reflect on problem-solving processes. Key Learnings: (skills and concepts) a. Obtain background information as part of creating a research project. 3. Make and use appropriate symbols, pictures, diagrams, scale drawings, and models to represent real objects, find locations, and describe relationships. Key Learnings: (skills and concepts) a. Identify symbols related to lab safety. 4. Employ graphs, tables, and maps in making arguments and drawing conclusions. Key Learnings: (skills and concepts) a. Create a data table of results gained in lab activities. b. Construct a graph of data obtained from lab activities. I I I M E 13 Science & Technology Grade 10 ­ Biology (1 Semester) 5. Critique models, stating how they do and do not effectively represent the real phenomenon. Key Learnings: (skills and concepts) a. Explain how models in the textbook, such as enzyme, reactions and dehydration synthesis, are incapable of illustrating all aspects of the processes. 6. Evaluate the communication capabilities of new kinds of media (e.g., cameras with computer disks instead of film). Key Learnings: (skills and concepts) a. Not applicable see Grade 9 Chemistry and Grade 10 Physics. 7. Use computers to organize data, generate models, and do research for problem solving. Key Learnings: (skills and concepts) a. Not applicable see Grade 9 Chemistry and Grade 10 Physics. 8. Engage in a debate, on a scientific issue, where both points of view are based on the same set of information. Key Learnings: (skills and concepts) a. Participate in a debate as a means for addressing certain ethical questions such as cloning humans. CONTENT STANDARD M. IMPLICATIONS OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Students will understand the historical, social, economic, environmental, and ethical implications of science and technology. Performance Indicators Students will be able to: 1. Examine the impact of political decisions on science and technology. Key Learnings: (skills and concepts) a. Review the impact of political decisions on science and technological advancements such as the impact of the Kennedy Administration's decision to put a man on the moon.
14 I I I Science & Technology Grade 10 ­ Biology (1 Semester) 2. Demonstrate the importance of resource management, controlling environmental impacts, and maintaining natural ecosystems. Key Learnings: (skills and concepts) a. Analyze human impact, interaction and intervention on the environment. 3. Evaluate the ethical use or introduction of new scientific or technological developments. Key Learnings: (skills and concepts) a. Appraise the value of a new development. b. Form a conclusion about advantages or disadvantages of a new development. 4. Analyze the impacts of various scientific and technological developments. Key Learnings: (skills and concepts) a. Collect information through research, use of text, etc. to understand the impacts of scientific discoveries such as immunizations or genetically altered organisms such as rice, corn and potatoes. b. Apply science concepts to explain and formulate a conclusion about the advantage or disadvantage of developments such as comparing and contrasting the advantages and disadvantages of using monoculture agriculture. 5. Examine the historical relationships between prevailing cultural beliefs and breakthroughs in science and technology. Key Learnings: (skills and concepts) a. Relate how society affects the development of science technology such as the impact of a development ethic predominant in Western cultures on the need for advancements in science and technology. b. Compare development of a technology possible under different conditions such as the world's population growth's demand for (more) alternative forms of energy like solar, wind, and water power for sustainable energy supplies.
15 E I I I Science & Technology Grade 10 ­ Biology (1 Semester) 6. Research issues that illustrate the effects of technological imbalances and suggest some solutions. Key Learnings: (skills and concepts) a. Locate issues in magazines and newspapers that address concerns of negative impacts regarding imbalances such as corn genetically altered to resist pests and the corn's affect on the Monarch Butterfly or the advances in fishing technologies and the depletion of ground fish. I 16