t>. Yahoo! is not affiliated with the authors of this page or responsible for its content.
Indian Power Sector - Challenges and Opportunities
Indian Power Sector - Challenges and Opportunities



1. Evolution of Indian Power Sector

Since independence in 1947 Indian Power Sector progress has been rapid. From mere 1713 MW
of installed capacity in 1950 the capacity at the end of March 2007 rose to 124569 excluding
capacity of renewable energy. Total generation in April 2006-March 2007 was 659419 GWh in
the utility sector. The per capita consumption of electricity increased from 15 KWh in 1950 to
619 in 2006-07.

2
.
Demand/Availability Position for the Year 2006-07

Region
Peak Demand
(MW)

Availability
(+)(-)
(%)
Energy
Requirement
(GWH)
Availability
(+) (-)
(%)
Northern
32487
29661

-2826
-8.70%

209137
195987
-13150
-6.29%
Western
35143
29117

-6026
-17.15%

233486
205653
-27833
-11.92%
Southern
27441
25642

-1799
-6.56%

176037
169501
-6536
-3.71%
Eastern
11436
10962

-474
-4.14%

70547
68430
-2117
-3.00%
North Eastern
1549
1388
-161
-10.39%

8534
7760
-774
-9.07%
All India
Aggregate
peak
108056
96770

-11286
-10.44%

697741
647331
-50410
-7.22%

The summery of the energy requirement and expected peak demand from 2007-08
to 2011-12 are given below:

Energy requirement at Power Station Bus bars (Utilities only) (in GWh)
From 2007-08 to 2011-12
Region
2007-08 2008-09 2009-1 0 2010-11 2011-12
Northern Region

223928
239807
256859
275171
294841
Western Region

244481
256075
268307
281220
294860
Southern Region

189312
203606
219001
235582
253443
Eastern Region
77221
84601
92767
101805
111802
North Eastern Region

9326
10193
11141
12184
13329
ISLANDS





Andaman & Nicobar


219
248
281
316
344
Lakshawadeep

28
31
34
37
40
All India
744515
794561 848390'
906316
968659
17
th
EPS FORCAST
Peak Load at Power Stations Bus Bars (Utilities Only) (in MW)
From 2007-08 to 2011-12
Region

2007-08
2008-09 2009-1 0 2010-11
2011-12
Northern Region

35145
38021
41131
44496
48137
Western Region

37264
39513
41898
44427
47108
Southern Region

29854
32192
34715
37434
40367
Eastern Region

12670
14037
15552
17230
19088
North Eastern
Region

1710
1888
2083
2299
2537
ISLANDS






Andaman &
Nicobar

49
56
63
71
77
Lakshawadeep

8
9
10
11
11
All India

113059
121891
131413
141678
152746


PERCENTAGE OF THE POPULATION PROVIDED ELECTRICITY

PARTICULARS 2006-07 (as on 28-2-2007)

(I) Total No. villages 593732

(II) No. of villages Electrified 475117

(III) Percentage Electrified 80 %

(IV) Percentage of Rural population
Benefited 84 %

(V) Pump sets Energized 15096480
(VI) Per Capita Consumption (Kwh) 619





Installed Generating Capacity (MW)

Generating
Capacity
(MW)

2002-03
2003-04
2004-05
2005-06
2006-07
Hydro
26767
28925
30818
32326
34654
Thermal
75114
76670
80626
82411
86015
Nuclear
2720
2720
2720
3360
3900
All Categories


104601

108315
114164
118097
124569
Generation
(Gwh)
2002-03
2003-04
2004-05
2005-06
2006-07
Hydro
64014
73775
84495
101325
113315
Thermal
442237
466824
486075
497044
527499
Nuclear
19390
17737
16845
17249
18605
All Categories
(Does not
include wind
& Others)

525641
558336
587415
615618
659419

A brief write up about natural fuel reserves and how long are these expected to last.

Primary fuel resources of the country are Hydro Power, Fossil Fuels-Coal, Lignite,
Natural gas and Nuclear Power as per details shown below:

Hydro : 84044 MW @ 60 % L.F
148700 MW of economically exploitable
potential of installed capacity

Pumped Storage Hydro : 94000 MW from 56 Nos. of identified
Projects.

Coal Reserves : 204.7 Billion Tonnes

Lignite Reserves : 27.5 Billion Tonnes
Crude Oil : 732 Million Tonnes

Natural Gas : 660 Billion Cubic Meter

Uranium : 6700 Tonnes

Thorium : 363000 Tonnes

Future Projection of Capacity addition

Tentative 11th Five-Year Plan (2007-2012) addition will be 78601 MW comprising
16553 MW Hydro, 58668 MW Thermal and 3380 MW Nuclear.

Does your country import or export electricity? If so, where from or where to and the
quantity during the last five years.

Yes, import from Bhutan. Installed capacity of two projects in operation in Bhutan is 406
MW (336+70) from which 270 MW surplus is exported to India.

Please provide a list of all the power stations in your country showing capacity and
electricity generated

As per Annexure A attached. (Particulars are as on 31-03-2006)



Transmission and Distribution

What is the range of transmission voltage used through out your country?

State Grid 400 kV, 220 kV, 132 kV, and below
HVDC only in Maharashtra 110 kV

Regional Grids 400kV, HVDC bi-pole, HVDC b-t-b
765kV operated at 400kV

Inter Regional HVDC back-to-back, 400kV, 220kV

HVDC bi-pole lines Rihand-Dadri
Chandrapur-Padghe
Talchar-Kolar

Inter-regional links with Vindhyachal (1989), Chandrapur
HVDC back-to-back Gazuwaka, Sasaram (2002)

765kV Operated at 400kV Kishenpur-Moga, Anpara-Unnao Tehri-Meerut

(Source: Transmission system development and operation in de-regulated environment-
May 2006)

What is the length of installed network in circuit Kms. And how much is of high,
medium and low voltage

The length of installed network in circuit Kms. as on 31
st
March 2006 is given below:

Voltage Length in Circuit Kms.

132 KV 120000
220 KV 120000
400 KV 75722
HVDC bi-pole lines 5000 MW 10000
HVDC back-to-back 3000 MW 3000
765 KV 400 KV Op 1185 ckm

(Source: CEA website)




Investment Requirements during XI Plan (2006-07)

As per presentation made by the Secretary (Power), Govt. of India, at Asia Power
Congress held on March 14, 2006 at Singapore, salient features are as under:

�USD 50 Billion for Generation
�Another USD 50 Billion for transmission, distribution and Rural Electrification
�Total USD 100 Billion

Improving Investment Climate

�At present 40,000 MW generation capacity is already under execution. Investment
of USD 43 billion committed.
�Public sector investments have been stepped up; will need to be supplemented
through private investments.
�100 % FDI in all segments of power sector has been allowed
�Recently power trading also covered
�The Law does not distinguish between domestic and international investors

Private participation-Generation

�Encouraging response of investors �Financial closures of 4400 MW Projects-investment of about USD 3.6 Billion
�Financial closures for 2200 MW is at advanced stage of finalization
�Additional about 10,000 MW appraised. Fuel supply availability critical for
financial closure.

3. Ultra Mega Power Project

PFC has been designated as the nodal agency by the GoI for the development of seven
UMPPs, each with a capacity of 4,000 MW with the objective to develop large capacity
power projects in India. These projects will have the advantage of economies of scale on
account of large capacity at single location, reduction in emissions on account of super
critical technology and lower tariff on account of the above and tariff based international
competitive bidding adopted for selection of developers.

The Letters of Intent (LoI) for two UMPPs were handed over on 28th December, 2006
to the successful bidders namely, M/s. Globeleq Singapore Pte. Ltd (lead) & M/s. Lanco
Infratech Ltd. for Sasan UMPP (M.P) and M/s. Tata Power Company Ltd. for Mundra
UMPP (Gujarat).

Similar endeavour will be made by PFC for formation of a Shell company for
Transmission and Hydro projects to be offered through competitive route as mandated by
Government of India.

Annexure- A


Name , Capacities & Generation of Thermal, Nuclear &
Hydro
Power Stations During 2005-06:



Capacity
Generation
A1 Central Sector Thermal
(MW)
(GWH)
N.T.P.C Ltd.,


Badarpur TPS
720.0
5380.60
Singrauli STPS
2000.0
15503.10
Rihand STPS
2000.0
10585.66
Unchahar
840.0
7041.10
Dadri
840.0
6768.30
Tanda
440.0
3330.10
Korba STPS
2100.0
16001.20
Vindhyachal STPS
2260.0
18304.60
Ramagundam STPS
2600.0
19691.20
Simhadri STPS
1000.0
7741.40
Kahalgaon
840.0
6572.30
Talcher
470.0
3530.08
Talcher STPS
3000.0
21184.78
Farakka STPS
1600.0
11464.00 Sub - Total (Coal Based)
20710.0
153098.42



Faridabad CCGT
430.0
2952.80
Anta CCGT
413.0
2809.10
Auraiya CCGT
652.0
4281.40
Dadri CCGT
817.0
5394.40
Kawas CCGT
644.0
2884.2