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Innovative Approaches to Gathering Systems for Producing Wells in Deep Water
17-June-02
Master Presentation 06-17-02
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Innovative Approaches to Gathering Systems
for Producing Wells in Deep Water
OTC 2005
John Reed, CEO
INTEC Engineering
May 2, 2005 17-June-02
Master Presentation 06-17-02
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Topics What are we talking about? Current benchmarks How do we get there? Summary 04-February-03
ConocoPhillips
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What are we Talking About? 17-June-02
Master Presentation 06-17-02
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What are we Talking About? We are talking about long distance and/or deepwater
subsea tieback developments. These types of developments imply: Increased production risk reduced system availability higher CAPEX/OPEX 17-June-02
Master Presentation 06-17-02
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Tieback Distance / Water Depth
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Tie-back Distance (mi)
Wa
te
r
De
p
t
h
(ft)
Diana
Gemini
Pluto
Popeye
Scarab/Saffron
Simian
Mensa
Canyon Express 04-February-03
ConocoPhillips
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Current Benchmarks 17-June-02
Master Presentation 06-17-02
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The Current Industry Benchmarks The longest subsea tieback for gas is the
Burullus Simian development off Egypt at 115
km (to shore). The longest subsea tieback for oil/condensate is
Shell Expro Penguin at about 65 km. The deepest tieback is Shells Coulomb
development in the GOM at 7600 ft (2350 m). 17-June-02
Master Presentation 06-17-02
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And more to come?
Norsk Hydros Ormen Lange
tieback to shore will be
approximately 115 km 17-June-02
Master Presentation 06-17-02
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And more to come?
Statoils Sn�hvit tieback to an
onshore LNG plant will be
approximately 143 km. 17-June-02
Master Presentation 06-17-02
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And more to come?
If the Russian Arctic Shtokman
project goes subsea it will require
at least a 500 km tieback to shore. 17-June-02
Master Presentation 06-17-02
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Subsea Tieback Distances are Increasing
Offsets are
expected to
increase
substantially for
both oil and gas
in the next
decade
Quest 9-04
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
Total Subsea Wells Forecast
Max Oil TB km
Max Gas TB km
N
o
. Su
bsea
W
e
lls
Ma
x. offs
et
i
n
km
170 km
Gas
90 km
Oil 17-June-02
Master Presentation 06-17-02
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Subsea Wells are Getting Deeper
Almost
3000m! 17-June-02
Master Presentation 06-17-02
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The Subsea Push is on Subsea developments tend to follow floating
developments and floaters are likely peaking in
the next 2 years. Numerous hubs have been installed in the Gulf
of Mexico and West Africa. They must remain
fully utilized to maximize investment returns. The ultimate answer may be subsea to shore
and that push is on in Norway, Egypt and
Australia. 17-June-02
Master Presentation 06-17-02
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Floaters are Increasing
50
40
30
20
Floating Systems
The Wave is
rising 04-February-03
ConocoPhillips
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The Wave is Here
1000
2000
4000
5000
6000
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
Actual Year of Spend
Subsea 00-04 $7.9bn
05-09 $17.3bn
Subsea
PLs
00-04 $9.1bn
05-09 $14.8bn
Pipelines
Deepwater CAPEX over time
3000
$m
0
Source: infield 17-June-02
Master Presentation 06-17-02
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Taking Advantage Rests on 3 Keys The 1
st
key is availability. High availability makes
subsea economical. Customers are waiting! The 2
nd
key is to maximize utilization of existing
hubs to capture additional returns and
maximize utilization of existing subsea
infrastructure to allow the capture of additional
reserves. Its that or buy reserves. The 3
rd
key is to lower costs and safety risks by
operating unmanned facilities. 04-February-03
ConocoPhillips
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How do we Get There? 17-June-02
Master Presentation 06-17-02
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Equipment is an Important Element Subsea Production/Transportation Equipment Subsea Multiphase Pumps Subsea Compressors Electrically Heated Flowlines Subsea Separation Control/Power/Service Buoys Long Distance Power/Communications Umbilicals Subsea Control Systems Subsea Power Generation 17-June-02
Master Presentation 06-17-02
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Subsea Multiphase Pumps 1
st
used in 1993 and
essentially a proven
technology. 2 types dominate, helico
axial & twin screw.
BUT Gas Volume Fractions in
excess of 95% are still a
problem. Long distances mean
substantial power losses.
Source: AkerKvaerner 17-June-02
Master Presentation 06-17-02
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Subsea Compressors Subsea Compressors can
substantially extend the
economics of recovery. Many technical
challenges have been
overcome and reliability
will improve over time.
BUT Not yet ready for
commercial use (2008?).
Souce: Kvaerner/GE Power Systems 17-June-02
Master Presentation 06-17-02
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Electric Flowline Heating 17-June-02
Master Presentation 06-17-02
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Electric Flowline Heating
Source: AlphaThames 6 Systems of various
types currently in
operation. At least 70 successful
remedial heating
operations so far.
BUT Insulation and circuit
isolation are critical. The
devil is in the details. 17-June-02
Master Presentation 06-17-02
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Subsea Separators Subsea Separators are
being developed and
tested now, but only two
are in actual operation. Separators can simplify
flow assurance issues,
but they are not a
panacea. Hydrostatic pressure is a
key design driver in
deepwater separators.
Source: FMC, CDS 17-June-02
Master Presentation 06-17-02
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Petrobras VASPS Subsea Separation Vertical Annular
Separation & Pumping
System or VASPS One of two systems
installed and working
(Marlim field - 2001).
Source: Petrobras 17-June-02
Master Presentation 06-17-02
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Control Buoys Control buoys can be cost
effective solutions. They may well be part of
ultra long distance step
outs. They can provide Injection chemical storage Power supply Venting capability Pig launch/receiving
capability 17-June-02
Master Presentation 06-17-02
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Control Buoys A low maintenance
reliable power system
would increase the use of
control buoys. These systems are
available, but generally
rated less than 3 kw. If natural gas is available
it is ideal for offshore
applications.
Closed Cycle Vapor Turbogenerator
Source: ORMAT 17-June-02
Master Presentation 06-17-02
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Power/Communications Umbilicals Dynamic umbilicals in
deepwater are a structural
challenge. Weight and behavior are
key concerns. Quality of delivered power
is a concern over long
distances. Composites may provide
some answers.
Source: Kvaerner Oilfield Products 17-June-02
Master Presentation 06-17-02
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Subsea Control Systems Primary concerns include power quality and signal quality
over long distances. Current design of subsea control pods cannot take
advantage of the high data transfer rate of fiber optics. Long distance DC power transmission could vastly
improve efficiency. 17-June-02
Master Presentation 06-17-02
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Subsea Power Generation Fuel Cells Can run on natural gas Byproduct is pure water Reliable, few moving parts
But, significant challenges
remain to make them
commercial. Battery Power
development is
proceeding with battery
powered valves.
Source: FMC Technologies 17-June-02
Master Presentation 06-17-02
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Modular Concepts are Being Developed Modular approaches
could accommodate
changing reservoir
conditions. Dual systems can reduce
downtime during
repairs/upgrades. Interfaces can be planned
to minimize them.
Source: Alpha-Thames 17-June-02
Master Presentation 06-17-02
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Other Developments Cold Flow a process whereby gas
flows are forced quickly through the
hydrate formation phase resulting in
a reduced tendency to form
blockages. Downhole Processing could be
another Holy Grail, but much
development work is needed. ESPs Separators
Source: BakerHughes 17-June-02
Master Present