rection
IEEE 1453 Adopts IEC 61000-4-15 and
suggests limits from IEC 61000-3-7
IEC 61000-3-7 Flicker limits for MV and HV
loads
IEC 61000-4-15 IEC compliant flicker meter Compare the OLD with the NEW
GE curve(s)
Pros Calculations fairly easy Results understood
Cons Developed in 1920s No standard meter Not suitable for all loads
IEEE 1453
Pros Standard meter Suitable for all loads World-wide acceptance
Cons Calculations use shape
factors Pst not understood by all Wave shapes for typical loads Will my customers understand this?
GE curve inconsistently applied
IEEE method currently used world-wide
Many international industrial customers must
comply with it now in various parts of the
world
Terminology for criteria will be new to many Understood terminology
Motor starting: limits on voltage drop and
inrush current
Running load variation: limits on voltage drop
based on some frequency of variation
All parties involved understand these terms
and their implications New terms - Pst, Plt, Shape
Factor?
Pst = A measure of short-term perception of flicker obtained for
a ten-minute interval.
Plt = A measure of long-term perception of flicker obtained for a
two-hour period.
Shape factor = Constant by which flicker from a rectangular
waveform can be multiplied to obtain the flicker value for an
irregular shaped waveform. Rectangular waveform Shape Factor
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
10
100
1000
Tim e
t
of Step or ram p (m s)
Shape Factor F
d/2
d/2
t
t
F d
t
t
d
d
F
× How difficult is it to calculate Pst?
GE curve: Simple voltage drop calculation Determine serviceability by place on curve
IEEE method: Simple voltage drop calculation Using shape factors, translate to Pst value Use IEEE 1453/IEC 61000-3-7 for compliance Advantage of using conventional
calculating method for voltage drop
Can use existing software/tools Radial voltage drop, Ohms law Loadflow
No learning curve for new software/tools
Can still relate results in customer
understood terms Voltage drop Inrush current GE curve flicker meter
Design criteria: Will it measure voltage?
Usage: No recommended standards Yielded varied results due to individual
implementation A few vendors made valiant effort at
standardization IEEE/IEC complaint flicker meter
Block 1
Detector and
gain control
Signal generator
for calibration
checking
Input voltage
adaptor
Block 2
Demodulator
with
squaring
multiplier
Block 4
Squaring
multiplier
1
st
order
sliding
mean
filter
Squaring and
smoothing
Block 5
A/D
converter
Sampling
rate
> 50 Hz
64 Level
classifier
Output
interfaces
Programming of short and long
observation periods
Statistical evaluation
of flicker level
Input
Transformer
R.M.S.
meter
Output 1 *
half cycle r.m.s.
voltage indication
Block 3
0.05
dB
-3
1
0
Weighting filters
Range
selector
% V
V
0.5
1.0
2.0
5.0
10.0
20.0
Output 2 *
weighted
voltage
fluctuation
Square
rooter
1 minute
integrator
Output 3
range
selection
Output 4
short time
integration
Output 5
recording
Simulation of lamp-eye brain response
Output and
data display
and recording
0
-60
35100
8.8 Hz
Hz
230V,
50 Hz
42 120
120V,
60 Hz
* Optional for extended measuring applications IEEE/IEC flicker meter
Design criteria: IEEE1453/IEC 61000-4-15 Two versions of meter:
240V 50Hz
120V 60Hz Based on average human eye response
Obtained from eye doctors, not subjective viewing As a utility, will you consider
adopting the new IEEE method?