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Sunny Boy SWR 2500U


SB2500U-11:EE3801
Sunny Boy
SWR 2500U
Technical Description
Grid Tied String Inverter for Photovoltaic Systems

Issue 1.2 Sunny Boy 2500U

Technical Description
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SMA Regelsysteme GmbH

Sunny Boy 2500U

Technical Description
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Table of Contents
1

Introduction .............................................................................................................................4

2

System Description................................................................................................................5

2.1

String Technology ........................................................................................................6

2.2

Diagnosis and Communication ..................................................................................8

2.3

Technical design of the Sunny Boy ...........................................................................9

2.3.1

Ambient Temperature .............................................................................................9

2.3.2

Sequential Control System ................................................................................. 10

2.3.3

Stainless Steel Case............................................................................................ 10

2.3.4

Islanding Protection ............................................................................................. 11

2.3.5

Grid Monitoring ..................................................................................................... 12

2.3.6

Ground Fault Detector Interrupter (GFDI) ........................................................ 13

3

System Monitoring and Diagnosis.................................................................................... 14

3.1

Data Transmission via Powerline ........................................................................... 14

3.2

Data Transmission with a Separate Data Cable .................................................. 16

3.3

PV-System Management and Diagnosis............................................................... 18

3.4

Measuring Channels and Messages...................................................................... 20

3.5

Measurement Precision............................................................................................ 22

4

Technical Data .................................................................................................................... 23

5

Appendix .............................................................................................................................. 31

Sunny Boy 2500U

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1 Introduction
You have decided to use one of the most sophisticated devices and for the most
advanced modular PV system technology by purchasing a Sunny Boy
® 1
string
inverter. SMA string technology has revolutionized parallel grid feeding. The SMA
Sunny Boy String Inverters are the most successful photovoltaic String Inverters in
Europe. They convince with their outstanding qualities concerning the efficiency and
reliability and make the installation of a PV-system most simple and affordable.
Sunny Boy string inverters are the universal equipment for all applications small or
large scale PV-systems.
The Sunny Boy has complete on board islanding protection and meets safety
operating standards and code requirements world-wide. In North America, the Sunny
Boy meets the requirements of UL 1741. NEC 690 building code requirements for
photovoltaic systems will be met with the internal ground fault detector interrupter
(GFDI).
In Australia Sunny Boys are certified according to the Australian Guidelines and the
regulations of the IEC950. In the United Kingdom Sunny Boys passed the tests in
accordance with the engineering recommendation G77. The Sunny Boys comply
with all regulations from the VDEW (Association of German Electricity Producers) for
the supplementary grid feeding to the low voltage electricity grid of the utility. This
contains the regulations concerning the Independent Disconnection Device known
as MSD (Mains monitoring device with allocated Switching Devices) and the
regulations of the DIN VDE 0126. Furthermore the Sunny Boy complies with the
according standards and the low voltage regulations as certified in the CE declaration
(see appendix).

1

Sunny Boy is a registered Trademark of SMA Regelsysteme GmbH
Sunny Boy 2500U

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2 System Description
The reduction of CO
²
emission and other pollution resulting from energy conversion is
becoming more and more important. The direct conversion of solar radiation to
electric energy (photovoltaics) will play a substantial role in this essential matter.

Supplementary grid feeding includes the conversion of the DC voltage from the PV-
panel to grid compatible AC voltage with so-called inverters and the subsequent
connection to the electricity grid in the house distribution.

Here the electricity from the PV-modules provides all consumers with electric power
(household devices, lights etc.). In case that not enough energy is produced the
additionally necessary energy is obtained from the grid. In case that there is a surplus
of energy, this surplus is fed into the local grid and is therefore available for other
consumers. This way every single kilowatt-hour is utilized and the electricity
companys power systems are relieved. In the most simple case a PV-system
therefore consists of two basic components: the PV-panel and the inverter.


Fig. 2.1: Grid tied string inverter application Sunny Boy 2500U

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2.1 String Technology
The experience with several thousand grid-connected PV-systems in Europe with an
output range from one to several hundred kilowatts has shown that the costs for grid
connecting and monitoring the PV-system add up to almost 50 % of the costs for the
entire system. The reduction of these costs, especially the costs for the cabling on
the DC side and the subsequent distribution on the AC side, was the reason for
developing the String Technology from SMA. The Sunny Boy finally enabled the
string technology to be the standard system design for PV-systems.
String technology means that a small number of PV-modules are connected in series
to a string, each string is then connected to a separate inverter which feeds the
electricity of one string to the grid. Large PV-systems consist of a large number of
single strings. The energy produced

is collected directly on the AC side which results
in the fact that the system design gets very simple and no extraordinary DC cabling is
necessary anymore. String Technology allows MPP tracking for each small module
group, thus improving system efficiency by 1 3%.
The most various system concepts can be realized with this strategy. A wide range of
differently scaled inverters and peripheral components is available:
Sunny Boy Inverters:

Sunny Boy 700:

The small model for small PV-systems with simple extension possibilities and
configurable input voltage range

Sunny Boy 850:

The output optimized inverter for PV-systems with 1 kWp

Sunny Boy 1100E:
For PV-systems with 1 kWp; supports a wider input voltage range Sunny Boy 2500U

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Sunny Boy 2000:
The transformerless string inverter with extended input voltage and increased
efficiency, ideal for large PV-systems.

Sunny Boy 2500U:
The powerful string inverter with electric separation, ideal for large PV-systems.
Additional Equipment for the Sunny Boy Inverters

Sunny Display
Lid integrated LCD for all Sunny Boys, cyclic display of all relevant operating
data

Sunny Data:
The PC-program for the communication with your Sunny Boy inverters

Sunny Boy Control:
The terminal for your PV-system for data acquisition and evaluation - for up to
50 Sunny Boys - communication via Powerline or RS232/RS485

Sunny Boy Control L
IGHT
:

Terminal for PV systems with up to 20 Sunny Boys - communication via
Powerline

Sunny Boy Control P
LUS
:

The terminal for your PV-system for data acquisition and evaluation - for up to
50 Sunny Boys - communication via Powerline or RS232/RS485 - additional
digital I/O channels for nearly any sensor type - continuous standalone data
storage and remote access via modem etc.

Sunny Data Control:

The PC-program for visualization of the data from your Sunn