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�What Is Critical Infrastructure What Is Critical Infrastructure?
and
Why Do I Need To Know What Is In My Area?

Critical Infrastructure as defined by the Department of Homeland Security is defined in
Presidential Executive Order 13228. Most DHS grants are predicated on the basis of risk
and risk is directly tied to what critical infrastructure is within your area of
responsibility. In order to obtain funding from these federal DHS programs it is essential
that you always list what critical infrastructure is in your areas and that you have
responsibility for.

Executive Order 13228.
Following the terror attacks of September 11, 2001,
President Bush signed new Executive Orders relating to critical infrastructure
protection. Executive Order 13228,
15
signed October 8, 2001, established the Office
of Homeland Security and the Homeland Security Council. Among the duties
assigned the Office was to coordinate efforts to protect:

energy production, transmission/ distribution services and critical facilities
other utilities
telecommunications
facilities that produce, use, store, or dispose of nuclear material
public and privately owned information systems
special events of national significance
transportation, including railways, highways, shipping ports and
waterways
airports and civilian aircraft
livestock, agriculture, and systems for the provision of water and
food for human use and consumption.
16


When you are writing your narrative statements and under project description it is
important to list these critical infrastructure concerns and to do so quite clearly. Your
need for funding, is clearly tied to your actual risk and responsibilities to these assets
and this is one of the ways that you will demonstrate that need.

To give you a better understanding of what they are referring to, in the list above, we
have described some of the things that you should be looking for in your area of
responsibility. When you are assessing what critical infrastructure you have in your
area, and when compiling that list, you should list things by what is in your primary area
and then what is in your mutual aid areas as well. Keep the lists separated and then write
three paragraphs, in this order, describing what is in your ; primary response area, then
what is in your secondary response or mutual aid areas and finally what is not technically
critical infrastructure but, that presents a particular hazard or exposure to you and your
department.


1 Lets examine each of the above bullet points and give you a little more insight as to what
they are talking about as it relates to what may be in your area. When you see these
things you may have to call the appropriate people to ask additional questions to more
clearly define exactly what the asset is. Let these people know, right up front, that you are
applying for a Federal DHS grant and that you are required to list these things in your
application. Sometimes you may be required to appear in person to find out, so that they
are certain of who is making the request for information. Sometimes information about a
particular item may be available on the Internet if you do a Google search you may
quickly locate the information that you need about that particular asset. If they will not
tell you what the capacities are etc. you should tell the reviewer that the information was
sought but, they refused to release the data to you for security reasons. The important
thing is to let the reviewer know that you tried to get the data.

Energy production, transmission, and distribution services and
critical facilities
(these items should be part of a regional power grid and carry large
amounts or produce large amounts of power so it is important that you indicate how much they handle or
produce daily in megawatts)
Major power generation facilities that exceed 2,000 MW and support the regional
electric grid.

Electric substations 500 KV or larger, and substations 345 KV or larger, that are
part of a critical system supporting populations in excess of one million.
High-voltage electrical transmission lines 345KV or larger
Hydroelectric facilities and dams that produce power in excess of 2,000 MW or
could cause catastrophic loss of life if breached.
Pipelines
o

Should be listed if pumping 1million gallons per day for liquid products
like petroleum products ( gasoline, diesel, crude oil, JP-4, Av-Gas etc).
o

Should be listed if pumping 1 billion cubic feet per day capacity for
natural gas, chemical gases, propane, LP
Refineries
o

What and how much do they store and or produce daily
o

This can also include propane tank farms or anyplace where there is a
large quantity stored
Gas or oil well drilling areas w/ daily production or pumping capacities

Other utilities
Public drinking water systems that serve more than 100K populations
o

These can include a river or reservoirs that serve multiple cities
downstream from you that if you combine those areas populations, they
would add up to more than 100K populations.
o

Aqueducts, canals, pipelines etc. that serve major areas for drinking water
o

This does not include aquifers or deep wells. They are only concerned
with areas where it is conceivable that someone could put biological
agents or chemical poisons into them.
o

Desalinization plants


2

Large water treatment plants or sewage treatment plants that serve large
populations of more than 100k

Telecommunications
Large public safety radio transmission towers
Public TV or radio station antennae systems that are part of the Emergency
Broadcasting System
Microwave radio communication towers
Large fiber optic cables linking large regional areas or major metropolitan areas
that if cut or severed would seriously disrupt either the economic or public safety
network.
Telephone switching centers of large capacity or Internet Service Providers (
ISPs) linked to large regional or major metropolitan areas ( we are talking
Verizon, AOL, Earthlink, Road Runner etc.)

Facilities that produce, use, store, or dispose of nuclear material
Nuclear power plants within 50- 75 miles of you
o

List them even if they are not currently in production or they are under
construction
Nuclear or designated Haz-Mat waste dumps
o

This may include caves or underground facilities
Irradiation plants
o

food irradiation facilities
o

medical industries that produce cancer irradiation products or use
irradiation to sterilize medical instruments
Nuclear fuel rod production facilities
o

United States Uranium Enrichment Company facilities
o

DOD contractors who fuel nuclear rods or dispose of them for the US
military
o

Spent uranium ammunition manufacturers
Military bases where nuclear war materials are stored or where nuclear powered
ships are docked
o

It never hurts to mention ANY military bases that are close to you or in
your primary response areas, as these are always high-risk potential
terrorist targets especially if they have nuclear, chemical or biological
WMD on site.

Public and privately owned information systems
Large financial data centers for major bank headquarters or the headquarters for
Fortune 500 companies
o

Think Wal-Mart, Sears, Ford, GM, General Foods, Target etc.
o

Think World Trade Center here also
Credit card transaction centers for major banking institutions like Wachovia,
NationsBank, Chase, American Express, Discover etc.
Data storage or record storage facilities
o

Iron Mountain data storage sites

3 o

Computer centers that run International and National computer systems
that link these commercial business to each other

Special events of national significance
They are referring to large public venues where large masses ( 50k) of citizens
come together at
o

Sport stadiums of major universities or cities holding more than 50k
o

Commercial or Local Convention Centers where more than 50 K might be
attending a convention under one roof
o

Major amusement parks
o

NASCAR or Indy style race tracks
o

Horse racing tracks of national significance
o

National Monuments or National Parks

Transportation, including railways, highways, shipping ports and waterways
Interstate, US or State highways linking major metropolitan areas togehter or that
would be evacuation routes from these areas
o

Always list the average daily traffic count ( ADTC) and commercial
traffic count from your state DOT
o

List the # of miles you cover
o

List the number of lanes of traffic
o

List what major metropolitan areas they link and or if they are a
designated evacuation routes f