Implementation of a Distributed Control System for Electric Distribution Circuit Reconfiguration
Dean Craig, Member, IEEE And Craig Befus, Member, IEEE IEEE T&D Conference 2006 Presentation Overview
· IntelliTEAM II Description · ENMAX DA Project · Project Goals and Scope · System Components and Architecture · Example Restoration Events · Current Project Status and Results · Conclusion IEEE T&D Conference 2006 2 IntelliTEAM II Logic Description
· Fault interrupting device opens (breaker or · ·
recloser) Sectionalize: Open switch(es) to isolate fault and prepare for restoration of unfaulted segments Restoration: Communicate then close switches to re-energize unfaulted segments IEEE T&D Conference 2006 3 IT-II Sectionalizing Logic
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The switch control sees a fault · Fault current threshold exceeded · Fault duration time met · Count incremented with subsequent loss of voltage · Open when count reached The switch control sees a 3Ø voltage outage · Voltage falls below LOV threshold · Open when count reached on voltage loss · Open when loss of voltage timer expires Switches open to sectionalize after a fault is interrupted by an upstream breaker or recloser · · IEEE T&D Conference 2006 4 IntelliTEAM II Application
Teams coordinate actions to automate systems of any size IEEE T&D Conference 2006 5 IntelliTEAM II
Team structure · A team consists of the switches bounding a feeder segment · Switches can belong to one or two teams · A team may have one to eight switches · A team may have up to 8 sources · Teams are building blocks IEEE T&D Conference 2006 6 IntelliTEAM II--Teams
· ·
Distribution feeder segment bounded by switches Types of Teams or feeder/line segments
Defined as automated switch Simplest segment Up to (8) switches IEEE T&D Conference 2006 7 IntelliTEAM II ­ Switch Definitions
·S/S ­ source sub ·S ­ source ·L/T ­ load tie ·T - tie ·T/S ­ tie sub ·L - load
T/S S/S S L/T L T IEEE T&D Conference 2006 8 IT-II Restoration Logic
· Team concept · Coach metaphor · Know why your team mates opened · Verifies there is no fault in the segment · Verifies fault is isolated · Verify load in segment to be restored will not ·
exceed capacity available Agree to close a switch IEEE T&D Conference 2006 9 IT-II Restoration ­ The Coach
· Travels between all switches in a team · Distributes data and coordinates operation · Visits each team member within prescribed time · · period · Carries ID number and visit counter When an event occurs, team member tells all in the team and the coach Grants permission for closing a switch · Meets with the coach of adjacent teams to decide when to close switches IEEE T&D Conference 2006 10 IntelliTEAM II ­ "Ready"
· Team has to be in "Ready" · If automatic operation is disabled or has certain · ·
problems, the control and all associated teams are out of ready. Loss of communications between team members takes the team out of ready. You can take the team out of ready on purpose · Automatic operation disable/enable · Prohibit restoration (DNP command) IEEE T&D Conference 2006 11 About ENMAX
· · · · ·
1,044-square-km service area includes City of Calgary and surrounding area 33 substations served at 138kV and 69kV 25kV and 13.2 kV Distribution Systems 395,000 customers System peak demand: 1,401 Megawatts City of Calgary IEEE T&D Conference 2006 12 Project Goals
· Achieve and maintain first-quartile reliability
performance as measured by SAIDI and SAIFI vs. peer Canadian utilities · Meet regulatory requirements by improving the
reliability of the worst performing circuits on the system and by operating the distribution system in a safe and reliable manner IEEE T&D Conference 2006 13 Project Scope
· Five year program will automate all 25 kV feeders
and the worst performing 13 kV feeders in the ENMAX service territory · Full build-out will automate ~80 feeders using ~200
automated load-break switches IEEE T&D Conference 2006 14 SAIDI Improvement Goal
ENMAX - Interruption Duration per Year
1.00 0.90 0.80 0.70 Duration per year 0.70 0.66 0.64 0.60 0.65 0.62 0.59 0.50 ENMAX - Yearly Data 0.40 ENMAX - Required Projection 0.30 0.20 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 YEAR 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 IEEE T&D Conference 2006 15 SAIFI Improvement Goal
ENMAX - Interruption Frequency per Year
1.80 1.70 1.60 1.50 1.40 Frequency per year 1.30 1.20 1.10 1.00 0.90 0.80 0.70 0.60 0.50 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 YEAR 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 ENMAX - Yearly data ENMAX - Required Projection 1.10 1.08 1.00 0.90 0.80 0.71 IEEE T&D Conference 2006 16 System Components
Components of the S & C system are: · · · · · · · Scada-Mate overhead switches Motor operated RS-PMH pad-mount switches IntelliTEAM II control system UtiliNet spread spectrum radios S&C Proxy Server WinMon Configuration Software Substation Logic Module IEEE T&D Conference 2006 17 System Components
UtiliNet Spread-Spectrum Radio Network · · · · · No radio licence required 900 MHz frequency band Connectionless mesh network Enables Peer to Peer communications "Smart" data packet routing (Self-healing Network) Highly scalable network IEEE T&D Conference 2006 18 System Components
S & C Proxy Server · Resides in ENMAX Control Centre · Interrogates all IntelliTEAM II devices and caches · ·
data in real-time database Serves real-time data to EMS Master-Station and Substation Logic Module Enables WinMon remote configuration of all IntelliTEAM II devices IEEE T&D Conference 2006 19 Substation Logic Module
· Required to automate feeder segment closest to · ·
substation on feeders with electro-mechanical relay Prohibits IntelliTEAM II restoration on feeder when substation recloser blocked or during under-voltage or under-frequency event Central location reduces equipment and installation costs IEEE T&D Conference 2006 20 Substation Logic Module IEEE T&D Conference 2006 21 Substation Logic Module IEEE T&D Conference 2006 22 System Architecture IEEE T&D Conference 2006 23 Operator Interface IEEE T&D Conference 2006 24 Operator Interface IEEE T&D Conference 2006 25 Operator Interface IEEE T&D Conference 2006 26 116 114 112 115 113 25-11.112_C1 114 112 118 111 Phase I & II Feeders and Substations IEEE T&D Conference 2006
111 115 114 116 113 117
25-39.116_A 27 Project Status- 2004
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Phase I completed in early 2004 Eighteen 25kV feeders automated (7% of system) Eleven outage events on these feeders in 2004 Automation system saved an estimated 862,000 customer outage minutes and 6,800 customer outages Resulted in 8.6% SAIDI and 1.7% SAIFI reduction for 2004 IEEE T&D Conference 2006 28 Project Status ­ 2005
· · · · ·
Phase II completed in summer 2005 Ten 13kV feeders automated (11% of system) Twelve outage events on automated feeders in 2005 Automation system saved an estimated 987,000 customer outage minutes and 30,800 customer outages Resulted in 13.1% SAIDI and 13.0% SAIFI reduction for 2005 IEEE T&D Conference 2006 29 Project Status ­ 2006
· · · · ·
Phase III installation in progress Two 25kV and Fourteen 13kV feeders selected Nine outage events on automated feeders year to date Automation system saved an estimated 901,000 customer outage minutes and 20,900 customer outages Resulted in 19.6% SAIDI and 18.5% SAIFI reduction Year to Date IEEE T&D Conference 2006 30 Project Status ­ Future
· Phase IV ­ 2006 · Phase V - 2007 IEEE T&D Conference 2006 31 Outage Event Example 1 111 9 43 45 44 65 36
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32 37 Outage Event Example 1 111 9
Fault 43 45 44 65 36
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33 37 Outage Event Example 1
1. Substation Breaker Locks Out 111 9
Fault 43 45 44 65 36
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34 37 Outage Event Example 1
1. Substation Breaker Locks Out 2. IntelliTEAM II opens Switches 9, 43, and 44 111 9
Fault 43 45 44 65 36
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35 37 Outage Event Example 1
1. Substation Breaker Locks Out 2. IntelliTEAM II opens Switches 9, 43, and 44 3. IntelliTEAM II Closes Switch 65 111 9
Fault 43 45 44 65 36
IEEE T&D Conference 2006
36 37 Outage Event Example 1
1. Substation Breaker Locks Out 2. IntelliTEAM II opens Switches 9, 43, and 44 3. IntelliTEAM II Closes Switch 65 4. IntelliTEAM II Closes Switch 44 111 9
Fault 43 45 44 65 36
IEEE T&D Conference 2006
37 37 Outage Event Example 1
1. Substation Breaker Locks Out 2. IntelliTEAM II opens Switches 9, 43, and 44 3. IntelliTEAM II Closes Switch 65 4. IntelliTEAM II Closes Switch 44 4. IntelliTEAM II Closes Switch 43 Elapsed Time: 37 seconds Customer Outage Minutes Saved: 58,450 Customer Outages Saved: 1,670 111 9
Fault 43 45 44 65 36 37 IEEE T&D Conference 2006 38 Outage Event Example 2 Pole Fires, March 16, 2006
IEEE T&D Conference 2006
39 Outage Event Example 2 118 116 114 112 115 113 114 112 111 114 116 113 IEEE T&D Conference 2006 40 117 115 Outage Event Example 2 118 116 114 112 115 113 114 112 111 114 116 113 IEEE T&D Conference 2006 41 117 115 Outage Event Example 2 118 116 114 112 115 113 114 112 111 114 116 113 IEEE T&D Conference 2006 42 117 115 Outage Event Example 2 118 116 114 112 115 113 114 112 111 114 116 113 IEEE T&D Conference 2006 43 117 115 Outage Event Example 2 118 116 114 112 115 113 114 112 111 114 116 113 IEEE T&D Conference 2006 44 117 115 Outage Event Example 2 118 116 114 112 115 113 114 112 111 114 116 113 IEEE T&D Conference 2006 45 117 115 Outage Event Example 2 118 116 114 112 115 113 114 112 111 114 116 113 IEEE T&D Conference 2006 46 117 115 Outage Event Example 2 118 116 114 112 115 113 114 112 111 114 116 113 IEEE T&D Conference 2006 47 117 115 Outage Event Example 2 118 116 114 112 115 113 114 112 111 114 116 113 IEEE T&D Conference 2006 48 117 115 Outage Event Example 2 118 116 114 112 115 113 114 112 111 114 116 113 IEEE T&D Conference 2006 49 117 115 Outage Event Example 2 118 116 114 112 115 113 114 112 111 114 116 113 IEEE T&D Conference 2006 50 117 115 Outage Event Example 2 118 116 114 112 115 113 114 112 111 114 116 113 IEEE T&D Conference 2006 51 117 115 Outage Event Example 2 118 116 114 112 115 113 114 112 111 114 116 113 IEEE T&D Conference 2006 52 117 115 Outage Event Example 2 118 116 114 112 115 113 114 112 111 114 116 113 IEEE T&D Conference 2006 53 117 115 Outage Event Example 2 118 116 114 112 115 113 114 112 111 114 116 113 IEEE T&D Conference 2006 54 117 115 Outage Event Example 2 118 116 114 112 115 113 114 112 111 114 116 113 IEEE T&D Conference 2006 55 117 115 Outage Event Example 2 118 116 114 112 115 113 114 112 111 114 116 113 IEEE T&D Conference 2006 56 117 115 Outage Event Example 2 118 116 114 112 115 113 114 112 111 114 116 113 IEEE T&D Conference 2006 57 117 115 Outage Event Example 2 118 116 114 112 115 113 114 112 111 114 116 113 IEEE T&D Conference 2006 58 117 115 Outage Event Example 2 118 116 114 112 115 113 114 112 111 114 116 113 IEEE T&D Conference 2006 59 117 115 Outage Event Example 2 118 116 114 112 115 113 114 112 111 114 116 113 419,050 Customer Outage Minutes Saved 8,870 Customer Outages Saved IEEE T&D Conference 2006 60 117 115 Conclusion
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Distributed Control is a good fit for feeder automation · Distributed approach simplifies complex control problem · Highly scalable · Minimal infrastructure requirements The ENMAX project demonstrates successful deployment of a large scale, fully automatic system Significant reliability improvements have been realized · · IEEE T&D Conference 2006 61 Questions? IEEE T&D Conference 2006 62 enmax.com IEEE T&D Conference 2006 63