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SAN JOSE STATE UNIVERSITY
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING






THE EFFECTS OF HEAT OF HYDRATION OF MASS CONCRETE FOR
CAST-IN-PLACE CONCRETE PILES





By
Dr. Akthem Al-Manaseer, Professor
Ms. Najah Elias, Graduate Researcher
Mr. Alfred Kaufman, External Consultant
Mr. Ric Maggenti, Technical Advisor (CALTRANS)
Mr. Peter Lee, Project Manager (CALTRANS)
ii
Technical Report Documentation Page

1. Report No.


2. Government Accession No.


3. Recipients Catalog No.


4. Title and Subtitle
Determining Methods to Control the Effects of Heat of Hydration
and Other Concerns Associated with the Placement of Mass

5. Report Date
June 30, 2007


Concrete for Cast-in-Place Concrete Piling

6. Performing Organization Code


7. Author(s)
Akthem Al-Manaseer, Najah Elias


8. Performing Organization Report No.
SJSU ALM - 115

9. Performing Organization Name and Address

Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering

One Washington Square

10. Work Unit No. (TRAIS)



San José State University

San José, California 95192-0083
11. Contract or Grant No.
59A0521
12. Sponsoring Agency Name and Address

California Department of Transportation

Engineering Service Center

13. Type of Report and Period Covered
Final Report
6/21/2006 6/30/2007

1801 30
th
St., West Building MS 9-2/5i
Sacramento, California 95816


14. Sponsoring Agency Code

15. Supplementary Notes
Prepared in cooperation with the State of California Department of Transportation.

16. Abstract

This report describes models, ABAQUS and Schmidt, to predict the peak temperature in the
center of cast-in-place concrete piling. Five concrete piles with varying diameters and made up of
fourteen concrete mixes with different percentage of fly ash are used. The temperature profiles
predicted using the finite element program, ABAQUS, are compared to the temperatures predicted by
the step-by-step method, ACI 207 Schmidt model. The results show that the ABAQUS model
correlates better to experimental results and yields better predictions of the temperature profiles than
the Schmidt model. The latter is faster to run but overestimates the peak temperature. Using the
results from the ABAQUS Model, a specification can be recommended that will result in acceptable
concrete for large CIDH piles that in the range of 6 to 14 feet in diameter.

17. Key Words
Heat of hydration, mass concrete, cast-in-place, piling
18. Distribution Statement
Unlimited

19. Security Classification (of this report)

Unclassified

20. Security Classification (of this page)

Unclassified

21. No. of Pages
121 pages
22. Price


Form DOT F 1700.7 (8-72)



Reproduction of completed page authorized
iii
ABSTRACT


This report describes models, ABAQUS and Schmidt, to predict the peak
temperature in the center of cast-in-place concrete piling. Five concrete piles with
varying diameters and made up of fourteen concrete mixes with different percentage of
fly ash are used. The temperature profiles predicted using the finite element program,
ABAQUS, are compared to the temperatures predicted by the step-by-step method, ACI
207 - Schmidt model. The results show that the ABAQUS model correlates better to
experimental results and yields better predictions of the temperature profiles than the
Schmidt model. The latter is faster to run but overestimates the peak temperature. Using
the results from the ABAQUS Model, a specification can be recommended that will
result in acceptable concrete for large CIDH piles that in the range of 6 to 14 feet in
diameter. iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Nomenclature
A.
Organizations
B.
General Abbreviations and Symbols
List of Figures
List of Tables

CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION................................................................................. 1
1.1
Introduction ..................................................................................................... 1
1.2
Scope ............................................................................................................... 2
1.3
Objective ......................................................................................................... 2
1.4
Project Outline ................................................................................................ 3
CHAPTER 2
MODELING OF CIDH CONCRETE PILES .................................... 4
2.1
Introduction ..................................................................................................... 4
2.2
Material Properties .......................................................................................... 4
2.2.1 Temperature Rise in Concrete Elements ......................................... 4
2.2.2 Specific Heat ................................................................................... 5
2.2.3 Thermal Conductivity ..................................................................... 6
2.2.4 Concrete Density ............................................................................. 6
2.2.5 Thermal Diffusivity ........................................................................ 6
2.2.6 Thermal Coefficient of Expansion .................................................. 7
2.2.7 Concrete Placing Temperature ........................................................ 7 v
2.3
Schmidt Model ................................................................................................ 9
2.3.1 Method Procedure ........................................................................... 9
2.3.2 Model Geometry and Size .............................................................. 9
2.3.3 Material Properties ........................................................................ 10
2.3.4 Boundary Conditions .................................................................... 10
2.4
ABAQUS Model ........................................................................................... 11
2.4.1 Overview ....................................................................................... 11
2.4.2 Method Procedure ......................................................................... 11
2.4.3 Model Geometry and Size ............................................................ 11
2.4.4 Material Properties ........................................................................ 15
2.4.5 Adiabatic Temperature Rise as Body Heat Flux ........................... 15
2.4.6 Boundary Conditions .................................................................... 17
CHAPTER 3
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ......................................................... 18
3.1
Introduction ................................................................................................... 18
3.2
One-Meter Cube Analysis............................................................................. 18
3.2.1 Schmidt Model .............................................................................. 19
3.2.2 Material Properties for One-Meter Cube using Schmidt .............. 19
3.2.3 Temperature Boundary Conditions for One-Meter Cube using
Schmidt ..................................................................................................... 20
3.2.4 Results for One-Meter Cube using Schmidt Model ...................... 21
3.2.5 ABAQUS Model ........................................................................... 22
3.2.6 Material Properties for One-Meter Cube using ABAQUS ........... 22 vi
3.2.7 Temperature Boundary Conditions for the One-Meter Cube using
ABAQUS .................................................................................................. 23
3.2.8 Results for the One-Meter Cube using ABAQUS ........................ 24
3.2.9 Comparison between the ABAQUS and Schmidt Experimental
Model ............................................................................................ 25
3.3
CIDH Concrete Piles Analysis...................................................................... 27
3.3.1 Schmidt Model for CIDH Piles..................................................... 32
3.3.2 Material Properties for CIDH Pile using Schmidt ........................ 32
3.3.3 Temperature Boundary Conditions for CIDH Pile using Schmidt 32
3.3.4 Results for CIDH Pile using Schmidt ........................................... 37
3.3.5 ABAQUS Model ........................................................................... 52
3.3.6 Material Properties for CIDH Piles using ABAQUS ................... 52
3.3.7 Temperature Boundary Conditions for CIDH Piles using
ABAQUS .................................................................................................. 52
3.3.8 Results for CIDH Piles using ABAQUS ...................................... 57
3.3.9 Discussion of Results .................................................................... 72
CHAPTER 4
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ............................ 82
4.1
Summary .................................................................