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Periodic cards Be
Beryllium
9.012
Solid
One of the lightest of all metals,
beryllium has one of the highest
melting points. It has high thermal
conductivity.
Carbon forms compounds readily,
bonding with itself or other elements
by sharing electrons.
B
Boron
10.811
Solid
C
Carbon
12.011
Solid
N
Nitrogen
14.007
Gas
H
Hydrogen
1.008
Gas
Li
Lithium
6.941
Solid
Lithium is silver-colored and reacts
with water. It has the highest specific
heat among metals and is the lightest.
Hydrogen is lightweight, highly
reactive, and combines easily with
other elements by becoming a
positively charged ion.
Nitrogen is colorless and odorless as
a gas or liquid, generally non-reactive
as a gas, and turns to liquid at
-196
o
C.
Boron is a poor conductor of electricity
at room temperature, improving at high
temperature. It conducts heat well and
burns with a green color. O
Oxygen
15.999
Gas
F
Fluorine
18.998
Gas
Na
Sodium
22.990
Solid
Mg
Magnesium
24.305
Solid
Al
Aluminum
26.982
Solid
Si
Silicon
28.086
Solid
Oxygen is colorless, odorless, and
tasteless. It promotes combustion and
forms compounds readily.
Flourine is the most electronegative
and most reactive of all elements. A
corrosive, it reacts with most sub-
stances by removing their electrons.
Sodium is a soft, bright, silvery metal
always found in compounds as a
positive ion. Freshly cut, it ignites on
contact with water.
Magnesium is a light, silvery-white,
fairly tough metal. Magnesium
powder burns easily with a dazzling
white flame.
Aluminum is light, nonmagnetic, and
nonsparking, It is the second-most
malleable and sixth-most ductile
metal.
Silicon is relatively inert, but it is
attacked by halogens and dilute
alkali. It occurs in sand and is a good
conductor of heat. P
Phosphorus
30.974
Solid
S
Sulfur
32.066
Solid
Cl
Chlorine
35.453
Gas
K
Potassium
39.098
Solid
Ca
Calcium
40.078
Ti
Titanium
47.88
Solid
Existing in several forms and colors,
phosphorus is insoluble in water. It
burns spontaneously in air.
Sulfur is pale yellow, odorless, brittle
solid, and insoluble in water. It exists
in many forms.
Chlorine is a poisonous, greenish-
yellow gas. In nature it is only found
in compounds, often with sodium.
Potassium is soft, easily cut with a
knife, and a fresh surface is silvery.
Never found uncombined, it forms
positive ions.
Calcium has a silvery color and is
rather hard. It reacts with water and
burns yellow-red.
Titanium is a lustrous, white metal. It
has a low density, good strength, is
easily fabricated, and has excellent
corrosion resistance. V
Vanadium
50.942
Solid
Cr
Chromium
51.996
Solid
Mn
Manganese
54.938
Solid
Fe
Iron
55.847
Solid
Ni
Nickel
58.693
Solid
Cu
Copper
63.546
Solid
Pure vanadium is a bright, white
metal and is soft and ductile. It has
good structural strength and resists
corrosion.
Chromium, a steel-gray metal, is
lustrous, hard, takes a high polish,
and has a high melting point. All its
compounds are colored.
Manganese is gray-white, harder than
iron, and very brittle. It decomposes
cold water slowly.
Iron is very reactive and rapidly
corrodes, especially in moist air or at
high temperatures. It is hard, brittle,
and readily forms alloys.
Nickel is silvery white and takes on a
high polish. It is hard, malleable,
ductile, and a fair conductor of heat
and electricity.
Copper is reddish and has a bright
luster. It is malleable, ductile, and
conducts heat and electricity well. Zn
Zinc
65.39
Solid
As
Arsenic
74.922
Solid
Se
Selenium
78.96
Solid
Br
Bromine
79.904
Liquid
Rb
Rubidium
85.468
Solid
Sr
Strontium
87.62
Solid
Zinc is bluish-white, lustrous, and a
fair conductor of electricity. Brittle at
room temperature, it is malleable at
100 - 150
o
C.
Arsenic is a steel gray, very brittle,
crystalline, semimetallic solid; it
tarnishes in air, and when heated, has
the odor of garlic.
Selenium exists in several different
crystal forms. The most stable variety
is a metallic gray. It converts light to
electricity.
Red-brown as a liquid, bromine
evaporates at room temperature to an
irritating reactive vapor. Take
maximum safety precautions.
Rubidium can be liquid at room
temperature. A soft, silvery-white
metal, it ignites in air and reacts
violently with water.
Strontium decomposes in water
readily. Strontium flakes ignite
spontaneously in air and burn
crimson. Y
Yttrium
88.906
Solid
Zr
Zirconium
91.224
Solid
Nb
Niobium
92.906
Solid
Mo
Molybdenum
95.94
Solid
Ru
Ruthenium
101.07
Solid
Rh
Rhodium
102.906
Solid
Yttrium has a silver-metallic luster
and is relatively stable in air. Yttrium
flakes are very unstable in air.
Zirconium is exceptionally resistant
to corrosion by many common acids
and alkalis. It is grayish-white and
lustrous.
Niobium is a shiny white, soft,
ductile metal. It becomes bluish when
exposed to room temperature for a
long time.
Molybdenum is a silvery white, very
hard metal, but is softer and more
ductile than tungsten. It has the third
highest melting point.
Ruthenium is a hard, white metal and
has four crystal structures. It does not
tarnish at room temperatures, but
oxidizes explosively.
Rhodium is silvery white and, at red
heat, slowly oxides in air. It is hard,
durable, and highly reflective. Pd
Palladium
106.42
Solid
Ag
Silver
107.868
Solid
Cd
Cadmium
112.411
Solid
In
Indium
114.82
Solid
Sn
Tin
118.710
Solid
Sb
Antimony
121.757
Solid
Palladium is steel-white, does not
tarnish in air, and has a relatively low
density and melting point. It readily
absorbs hydrogen.
Pure silver has a brilliant white luster.
Very ductile and malleable, it has the
highest electrical and heat conductiv-
ity among metals.
Cadmium is a soft, toxic, bluish-
white metal, easily cut with a knife.
Indium is a very soft, silvery-white
metal with a brilliant luster and gives
a high-pitched "cry" when bent.
Tin is silver-white, malleable,
somewhat ductile, and is a highly
crystalline structure. When bent,
these crystals break and emit sound.
Antimony is a poor conductor of heat
and electricity. Antimony and many
of its compounds are toxic. Te
Tellurium
127.60
Solid
Cs
Cesium
132.905
Solid
Ba
Barium
137.327
Solid
Ce
Cerium
140.115
Solid
La
Lanthanum
138.906
Solid
Co
Cobalt
58.9332
Solid
Crystalline tellurium is silvery-white
and has a metallic luster. Brittle and
easily pulverized, it is a semi-
conductor.
Cesium is silvery white, soft, and
ductile. It is the least electronegative
and most alkaline element.
Barium is soft and silvery white. It is
decomposed by water and alcohol
and oxidizes very easily.
Lanthanum is silvery white,
malleable, ductile, and can be cut
with a knife. It is very reactive, being
attacked by hot water.
Cerium is an iron-gray, lustrous
metal. It oxidizes very readily at
room temperature, especially in moist
air, and burns if scratched.
Cobalt is a hard, brittle metal whose
physical properties (e.g., melting
point) varies widely. It resists
oxidation. Ta
Tantalum
180.948
Solid
W
Tungsten
183.85
Solid
Os
Osmium
190.2
Solid
Ir
Iridium
192.22
Solid
Pt
Platinum
195.08
Solid
Au
Gold
196.967
Solid
Tantalum is a gray, heavy, ductile,
very hard metal. It is almost com-
pletely immune to chemical attack
below 150
o
C.
Pure tungsten is a steel-gray to tin-
white metal & has the highest melting
point of all metals. It oxidizes in air,
but resists acid corrosion.
Osmium is lustrous, bluish white,
extremely hard, and brittle, even at
high temperatures.
Iridium is a white metal with a slight
yellowish cast. Very hard and brittle,
it is the most corrosion-resistant
metal.
Platinum is a beautiful silvery-white
metal and is malleable and ductile. It
does not form oxides in air at any
temperature.
Gold may look yellow, black, ruby, or
purple. The most malleable & ductile
metal, it conducts heat & electricity
well, and is not very reactive. Hg
Mercury
200.59
Liquid
Tl
Thallium
204.383
Solid
Pb
Lead
207.2
Solid
Bi
Bismuth
208.980
Solid
Th
Thorium
232.038
Solid
U
Uranium
238.036
Solid
Mercury, the only common metal that
is liquid at ordinary temperatures, is a
poor conductor of heat. It readily
forms alloys with many metals.
When freshly exposed to air, thallium
has a metallic luster, but soon
develops a bluish-gray tinge. Very
malleable, it can be cut with a knife.
Lead is bluish-white with a bright
luster, very soft, highly malleable,
ductile, a poor electrical conductor,
and resists corrosion.
Bismuth is a white, crystalline, brittle
metal with a pinkish tinge. It occurs
in nature in an uncombined form.
Pure thorium is a silvery-white metal
that is air-stable and retains its luster
for several months without tarnishing.
Uranium is a heavy, malleable,
ductile, silvery-white metal. It
oxidizes in air, and when finely