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HARC Biodiesel Emissions Testing Report







Biodiesel Emissions Report:
NOx Emissions Rates for a Reciprocating Engine
Generator Using Biodiesel Fuels









November 2007





Gulf Coast CHP Regional
Applications Center
a program of the
Houston Advanced
Research Center
Biodiesel Emissions Report



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Prepared By:

Houston Advanced Research Center
4800 Research Forest Drive
The Woodlands, Texas 77381

Principal Investigator
Daniel B. Bullock
Houston Advanced Research Center
The Woodlands, Texas

Lianne Lami, P.E.
Bocci Engineering LLC
Cypress, Texas

Amnon Bar-Ilan, Ph.D.
Ron Friesen
Lit-Mian Chan
ENVIRON International Corp.
Novato, California

Juan Jose Vargas
Houston Advanced Research Center
The Woodlands, Texas



Prepared For:

Texas State Energy Conservation Office
LBJ State Office Building
111 East 17th Street
Austin TX 78701

Pam Groce
Project Manager

Dub Taylor
Director

Biodiesel Emissions Report



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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This project report was produced by the Gulf Coast CHP Applications Center with financial
support from the Texas State Energy Conservation Office (SECO) and in partnership with Safe
Renewables Corporation, a private, biodiesel manufacturing company located in Conroe, Texas.
ENVIRON International Corporation participated as the supporting environmental project
consultant. Bocci Engineering LLC participated as the supporting energy engineering consultant
on the project.
The authors would like to thank Safe Renewables and Texoga Technologies for their assistance
and support throughout this project. In particular, Ken Crimmons, Richard DeGarmo, Charles
Ake, and Steve McGuire were instrumental in making the project successful. We would also like
to thank David Hitchcock and Rudy Smaling of HARC, who provided comments and input to the
project. Tom Vick provided on-site engineering support and Julie OToole provided able
administrative and editorial support in preparation of the report.






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Biodiesel Emissions Report



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TABLE OF CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................................................ iii

LIST OF TABLES ..................................................................................................................... vii

LIST OF FIGURES .................................................................................................................. viii

ACRONYMS .............................................................................................................................. ix
 

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................................ xi
 
1.0 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................1
 
1.1 Stationary Power .....................................................................................................................1
 
1.2
 
The Current Study .................................................................................................................3
 
1.3
 
Report Organization ..............................................................................................................3
 

2.0 EQUIPMENT AND APPARATUS .......................................................................................5
 
2.1 Diesel Engine Generator .........................................................................................................5
 
2.2 Portable Emissions Analyzer ..................................................................................................6
 
2.3 Sampling System ....................................................................................................................7
 
2.4 Calibration Gases ....................................................................................................................8
 
2.5 Interference Gases ...................................................................................................................9
 
2.6 Computerized Data Logging System ......................................................................................9
 
2.7 Fuel Delivery System ............................................................................................................10
 

3.0 METHODS AND PROCEDURES.......................................................................................11
 
3.1 Pollutants of Interest .............................................................................................................11
 
3.2 Test Plan................................................................................................................................11
 
3.3 Test Definitions .....................................................................................................................12
 
3.4 Pre-test Procedures................................................................................................................12
 
3.5 Conducting an Engine Test ...................................................................................................14
 

4.0 DATA ANALYSIS AND RESULTS ...................................................................................16
 
4.1 Data Acquisition and Reduction ...........................................................................................16
 
4.2 Data Corrections and Considerations ....................................................................................16
 
4.3 Fuel Characterization ............................................................................................................19
 
4.4 NOx Measurements ..............................................................................................................19
 
4.5 Conclusions and Next Steps..................................................................................................23
 

5.0 REGISTRATION AND PERMITTING REQUIREMENTS FOR STATIONARY DIESEL
GENERATORS IN TEXAS ................................................................................25
 
5.1 Texas Administrative Code Requirements ...........................................................................25
 
5.2 Federal Requirements ...........................................................................................................38
 
5.3 Test Methods .........................................................................................................................41
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5.4 Summary and Recommendations .........................................................................................42
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY .......................................................................................................................44
 


APPENDICES
Appendix A: EPA Conditional Test Method CTM-022 .......................................................... A-1
 
Appendix B : 40 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Subpart 60 App. A ...............................B-1
 
Appendix C: Environmental Technology Verification Program (ETV) ...................................C-1
Appendix D: Standard Operating Procedure for Emissions Testing of Stationary Diesel Electric
Generators using ENERAC 3000E Portable Analyzer.D-1

Appendix E: Statistical Analysis for Determination of Steady-State Conditions and Measurement

Confidence.......................................................................................................... E-1

Appendix F: Complete List of Fuel Analysis Reports ..F-1


Biodiesel Emissions Report



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LIST OF TABLES
Table ES-1: Summary NOx Emissions Test Results .................................................................... xii


Table 2-1: Calibration Gases .......................................................................................................... 8
 
Table 2-2: Interference Check Gases (from CTM
022) ................................................................. 9


Table 3-1: Experimental Test Matrix ............................................................................................ 12
 
Table 3-2: En