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SECTION 2.3 CONSTRUCTION ON SITE Cross Cascade Pipeline
EFSEC Application 96-1
Revised May 1, 1998
2.3-1
SECTION 2.3 CONSTRUCTION ON SITE
(WAC 463-42-145)
2.3.1 PROJECT DESCRIPTION
The project consists of the construction of a 231-mile refined products pipeline from Woodinville,
Washington, to Pasco, Washington, and the construction of 3 pump stations, Thrasher, North Bend, and
Kittitas. As demand on the pipeline grows, an additional three pump stations may be constructed at
Stampede, Beverly-Burke, and Othello. In conjunction with the pump station in Kittitas, a storage and
distribution facility will be constructed, including a truck loading facility for the loading of gasoline onto
tanker trucks for the central Washington market. The terminus of the pipeline is at the Northwest
Terminalling facility in Pasco, where a meter facility will be built to connect to existing facilities.
2.3.1.1 Summary of Existing System
Olympic Pipe Line Company's (OPL) existing system consists of approximately 400 miles of petroleum
product pipelines, extending from refineries in northwestern Washington, continuing south through western
Washington and terminating in the vicinity of Portland, Oregon. Refined petroleum products transported in
the existing system are the same as will be transported in the proposed Cross Cascade Pipeline, including
various grades of gasoline, aviation turbine fuel, diesel fuel, and heating oil. The existing system originates
with a single 16" mainline at the ARCO Cherry Point Refinery and the TOSCO Northwest refinery near
Ferndale, Washington. The 16" mainline continues south to the Allen Station where the mainline is joined
by a petroleum product line from the Shell and Texaco refineries near Anacortes, Washington. Dual main
lines (16" and 20") transport petroleum products from the Allen Station to the Renton Station. A single
14" main line runs from Renton, Washington, to Portland, Oregon. The Seattle and Sea-Tac Delivery
Facilities are served by 12" lateral lines. Lateral lines of 6", 8", and 12" carry products from the 14" main
line to the Olympia, Tacoma, and Vancouver Delivery Facilities, respectively.
The OPL Sea-Tac Delivery Facility consists of 8 in-transit storage tanks, with a cumulative storage
capacity of 584,000 barrels. This facility stores aviation turbine fuel prior to transfer to airline metering
facilities and a truck refueling rack at Sea-Tac International Airport. All main line and booster pumping
stations are driven by electric motors, with a total horsepower in excess of 43,000. The existing system is
operated via remote control from the Renton Control Center, co-located with the Renton Pump Station in
Renton, Washington. Cross Cascade Pipeline
EFSEC Application 96-1
Revised May 1, 1998
2.3-2
The proposed Cross Cascade Pipeline will tie into the existing pipelines approximately two (2) miles north
of the King-Snohomish county line near Maltby Road, east of Thrashers Corner. From the point of origin
to Kittitas, the pipeline will be 14" in diameter. The proposed pipeline will extend east and southeast
crossing Snoqualmie Pass, into Kittitas County traversing north of Ellensburg and then southerly to Kittitas
where a storage and distribution facility will be constructed. From Kittitas a 12" pipeline will continue
easterly along the north side of I-90 into Ginkgo State Park and then cross under I-90 near the town of
Vantage, continuing on State Park land parallel to an existing roadway and cross under the Columbia River
downstream of the Wanapum Dam. From the dam, the pipeline will go east along the base of the Saddle
Mountains before turning south and terminating at Northwest Terminalling Company's existing terminal in
Pasco. Please see Figure 2.1-1 in Section 2.1 Site Description, for a general project vicinity map.
The pipeline will be installed with an impressed-current cathodic protection system to prevent corrosion.
Generally, a 30' wide right-of-way will be maintained over the length of the pipeline during operation to
facilitate the aerial observation of the right-of-way, except in environmentally sensitive areas.
The planned pipeline route is shown on Figure 2.1-1 and in the Map Atlas in Appendix A. Approximately
96 miles of the new pipeline will be constructed in or directly adjacent to existing rights-of-way, including
BPA and other electrical transmission corridors, roads, trails, and railroad grades. There are five proposed
pump stations; four are expected to require approximately 1.0 to 2.0 acres; and the fifth pump station,
Thrasher, will occupy approximately 3.7 acres. The Kittitas Terminal, which also includes a pump station,
will be constructed on approximately 27 acres.
Total cost of the project is estimated at approximately $105 million. Construction costs are shown by
County in Table 2.3-1.
TABLE 2.3-1
ESTIMATED CROSS CASCADE PIPELINE CONSTRUCTION COSTS
County
Construction
Cost $
Snohomish
Pump station (Thrasher)
869,840
14" Pipeline
5,130,002
King
Pump station (North Bend)
852,121
14" Pipeline
15,939,650
Kittitas
Kittitas terminal/pump station
10,304,895
14" Pipeline
24,426,259
12" Pipeline
9,468,399
Grant
12" Pipeline
11,364,537
Adams
12" Pipeline
3,502,513 Cross Cascade Pipeline
EFSEC Application 96-1
Revised May 1, 1998
2.3-3
County
Construction
Cost $
Franklin
12" Pipeline (new line under
delivery facility)
15,060,221
Delivery Facilities
603,959
Sales Tax
7,596,951
TOTAL PROJECT COSTS
105,119,347
2.3.2 PIPELINE DESIGN ELEMENTS
2.3.2.1 Pipe Wall Thickness Design
Barlow's formula, as shown in the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Standard Code Number
B31.4, is used in the pipeline industry to calculate the required pipe wall thickness to contain a given
internal pressure. The U.S. Department of Transportation, Office of Pipeline Safety (USDOT, OPS)
requires that the results yielded by the calculations be divided by 0.72 to provide an additional safety
factor. Another safety factor is introduced during the design by the fact that pipe wall thicknesses come in
only so many sizes and pipeline designers round the calculated wall thickness up to the next larger size
when ordering pipe.
The pipe used for the project will meet or exceed American Petroleum Institute (API) 5L X-52
requirements. The Specified Minimum Yield Strength (SYMS) for the pipe will be a minimum of 52,000
psi. The standard wall thickness will be 0.281" for the 14" pipe and 0.250 for the 12" pipe. Pipe with a
increased wall thickness will be used in selected locations to allow the pump stations to operate at full rated
discharge pressure. In these instances the pipe will have a minimum wall thickness of 0.312" for the 14"
pipe and 0.281" for the 12" pipe.
Pipe with increased wall thickness will also be used at road crossings, rail crossings, on bridges, and at
stream crossings. API RP1102 requires that a site specific stress calculation be performed to determine the
required wall thickness for pipes crossing below roads and railroads. These stress calculations will be
performed prior to construction, and the pipe wall thickness increased beyond the minimum specified
above. For both road and railroad crossings, the pipe will be coated with 1000 mils (1 inch) of concrete
overlaid on the standard coating.
Final engineering design for bridge crossings will determine whether there will be a need to increase the
proposed wall thickness beyond the minimum specified above. The pipe will be coated with 1000 mils (1
inch) of concrete overlaid on the standard coating.
For river crossings, the pipe wall thickness will be increased to a minimum of 0.5" for the 14" pipe and a
minimum of 0.5" for the 12" pipe. For drilled crossings, the pipe will be coated with 16 mils of fusion
bonded epoxy overlaid with 60 mils of powercrete or CT urethane. For trenched crossings, the pipe will be Cross Cascade Pipeline
EFSEC Application 96-1
Revised May 1, 1998
2.3-4
coated with a minimum of 40 mils of high density polyethylene surrounded by 1" of standard concrete.
2.3.2.2 Pipe Yield Strength
The American Petroleum Institute (API) Specification 5L requires a minimum yield strength be supplied to
the purchaser. To ensure that this minimum is achieved for each joint of pipe supplied, the pipe
manufacturer will make the pipe slightly stronger than specified. The result is an added safety factor for
containing internal pressure.
2.3.2.3 Purchased Pipe
Pipe purchasers also benefit from another "incidental" safety factor which arises from the different ways in
which the steel plate is sold to the pipe manufacturer and the way the manufacturer sells pipe to the
purchaser. Steel plate is sold to the manufacturer by the pound and tends to come at a greater thickness
than specified. Pipe is sold by the foot at or greater than the specified wall thickness; the pipe buyer thus
usually benefits from the extra wall thickness sold to the manufacturer.
2.3.2.4 Welding Procedure Specifications
Pipelines are welded in the field using the Shield Metal Arc Weld (SMAW) technique. A welding